施氮模式对玉米氮吸收分配及产量的影响

通过田间试验分析，研究不同氮肥单施和配施及基追比例对玉米各生育期氮吸收分配和产量的影响。结果表明，不同施氮模式下，叶片、茎和鞘的氮含量均随生育期的推进而降低；叶片氮含量在各生育期基本表现为AK（硫酸铵为基肥）>ADA（磷酸一铵+磷酸二铵+硫酸铵为基肥）>US（尿素+缓释尿素为基肥）>UO（尿素+有机肥为基肥）>UK（尿素为基肥）处理；到达成熟期子粒的氮含量为US >ADA >UO >CK >AK处理，且US和ADA处理子粒氮含量较CO、AK和UK处理差异显著；US和ADA处理在成熟期子粒氮积累量较大，UO、AK和UK处理次之；灌浆期和成熟期氮积累量与产量呈线性相关。整体施氮模式对产量的影响，尿素配施缓释尿素和降低基追比的多重氮源更适用于提高玉米产量。

Effect of Different N Application Patterns on Nitrogen Absorption, Distribution and Yield of Maize

Through field experiment, the effects of nitrogen absorption, distribution of maize growth stages and yield at different nitrogen fertilization were studied. The results showed that at different nitrogen application patterns, nitrogen content of leaf, stem and sheath decreased with growth stage developing, and leaf N content was as AK(30% Ammonium sulphate as basal) > ADA(6% Ammonium biphosphate + 10% Diammonium phosphate + 14% Ammonium sulphate as basal) > US(5% Urea + 40% Slow released N as basal) > UO(37.4% Urea + 2.6% Organic fertilizer as basal) > UK(40% Urea as basal). At mature stage, nitrogen content of kernel was as US > ADA > UO > UK > AK, US and ADA, which were significant different with AK, UO and UK; nitrogen accumulation amount of US and ADA were higher, UO, AK and UK were lower. The correlation of nitrogen accumulation of filling and maturing stages with yield showed that the effect of total N application patterns on yield, and urea, slow released-N fertilizer and several kinds of nitrogen fertilizer of lower basal N/top dressing N was more appropriate to increase maize yield.