蚕豆主要性状的配合力和遗传力分析

选用性状差异明显的4个青海蚕豆为母本和对青海蚕豆具有互补性状的4个外来种质作父本,采用不完全双列杂交,配置16个组合,研究了株高、始荚高、有效枝、单株荚数、单株粒数、荚粒数、百粒重和单株产量等8个主要性状的配合力及遗传力.结果表明：①加性效应和非加性效应对蚕豆杂交后代性状都有重要作用,且这些性状的基因加性效应均对杂种后代的性状起主导作用,尤其有效枝、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株产量完全受基因加性效应控制;②根据一般配合力和特殊配合力的大小,因育种目标要求选择合适的亲本和较优的杂交组合;③8个主要性状的广义遗传力由大到小的顺序是：百粒重＞株高＞荚粒数＞有效枝＞单株荚数＞始荚高＞单株粒数＞单株产量,狭义遗传力由大到小的顺序为：百粒重＞株高＞有效枝＞荚粒数＞单株荚数＞始荚高＞单株粒数＞单株产量.在改良品种粒重时,可进行早代选择,而其他各性状的遗传力中等偏低,说明这些性状易受环境因素影响,遗传稳定性一般,早代选择的效果较差些,要连续多代选择.

Analysis of the Combining Ability and Heritability of Major Characters in Faba Bean

Combining ability and heritability of 8 quantitatively characters were nalyzed through using 4 Qinghai Faba Bean varieties for female and 4 Foreign Genetic for male by way of 4 4 incomplete diallel cross. The results showed： ① Both additive variation and non-additive variation were significant in thhese 8 characters. The additive variation was principle in plant height （PHT）, first pod height （FPH）, effective branch （ EB ）, single plant pods （ SPP）, single plant seeds （ SPS ） , seeds per pod （ SDPP）, 100-weights（HWT） and single plant weight（SPW） ,especially EB, SPP, SPS, SPW were controlled by additive variation. ② The different good hybrid combination was defined by GCA and SCA for different breeding aims.③ The broad heritabiility was ordered from high to low as HWT, PWT, SDPP, EB, SPP, FPH, SPS, SPW and the narrow heritability was ordered as HWT, PWT, EB, SDPP, SPP, FPH, SPS,SPW. 100-weights was selected in early generation, but it is 9ot good for the other characters in early generation selecting.