山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性及其成分分析

研究了山苍子Litsea cubeba果实精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus成蚊的驱避活性和对其幼虫的毒杀活性；采用GC-MS定性分析了精油的化学成分，并定量分析了其中9种活性成分。结果如下：在1．5mg·cm^-2的涂抹剂量下，山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊的100％保护时间为3．70h，对白纹伊蚊4龄期幼虫的24h毒杀Lc50值为82．48μg·mL^-1。定性分析共鉴定出17种化合物，其中E-柠檬醛的相对含量最高，其峰面积百分比为44．65％，其它相对含量较高的成分分别是Z-柠檬醛（34．60％）、柠檬烯（11．70％）、甲基庚烯酮（2．28％）、芳樟醇（1．28％）等。定量分析9种活性成分在精油中的总含量为238．70mg·mL^-1，其中E-柠檬醛106．20mg·mL^-1、Z-柠檬醛68．79mg·mL^-1、桉叶油素40．90mg·mL^-1的含量较高。研究结果表明，山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊具有良好的成蚊驱避和幼虫毒杀活性，这些生物活性与精油的化学成分密切相关。

Chemical Components and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Derived from Litsea cubeba against Aedes albopictus

The repellent and larvicidal activities of the essential oil extracted from Litsea cubeba fruit against Aedes albopictus were investigated. The main volatile chemical components of L. cubeba oil were qualitatively studied and 9 volatile components were quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS. At the concentration of 1.5mg·mL^-2, 100% protection period provided by essential oil ofL. cubeba against Aedes albopictus was 3.70 h in the laboratory. LCs0 of the essential oil for the fourth instars ofA. albopictus was 82.49 μmg·mL^-1 at 24 h. Seventeen chemical components were identified in the essential oil, E-citral being the largest fraction （44.65%）, followed by Z-citral （34.60%）, limonene （11.70%）, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one （2.28%） and Linalool （1.28%）. Nine volatile components with a total contents of 238.70 mg·mL^-1 were quantitatively analyzed. The main active ingredients in the oil are E-citral （106.20 mg·mL^-1）, Z-citral （68.79 mg·mL^-1） and 1,8-cineole （40.90mg·mL^-1）. These results demonstrate that the essential oils extracted from L. cubeba fruit have a high larvicidal activity and remarkable repellent activity against mosquitoes, which are closely connected with the chemical components of the essential oil.