以麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜为寄主的烟蚜茧蜂生理生化特性比较研究

在22 ℃,相对湿度 40%和光周期16L：8D条件下,对以麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum和麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae为寄主的烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead雌、雄成蜂生理生化特性进行了比较研究.结果发现,与以麦二叉蚜为寄主时相比,以麦长管蚜为寄主的烟蚜茧蜂雌、雄成蜂头壳更宽、寿命更长（雌蜂 5.0 d,雄蜂 4.6 d）、过冷却点（雌蜂 -25.7 ℃,雄蜂 -25.3 ℃）和结冰点（雌蜂 -24.9 ℃,雄蜂 -24.8 ℃）更低,体内水分、蛋白质和糖类含量更高,但脂肪含量无显著差异.在同一寄主上雌雄蜂间,前述参数除以麦长管蚜为寄主时头壳宽度存在雌蜂大于雄蜂外,均无显著差异.除过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性以麦长管蚜为寄主时雄蜂高于以麦二叉蚜为寄主时的雄蜂、过氧化物酶（POD）活性以麦长管蚜为寄主时雌蜂高于以麦二叉蚜为寄主时的雌蜂外,CAT、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和POD活性在2种寄主间、同1种寄主上的雌蜂和雄蜂间均无显著差异.研究结果表明,在相同实验条件下,以麦长管蚜为寄主的烟蚜茧蜂比以麦二叉蚜为寄主的烟蚜茧蜂具有更好地抗逆特性,更有利于烟蚜茧蜂的生存和繁殖.

Comparative Studies of the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead Parasitizing Schizaphis graminum and Macrosiphum avenae

In the laboratory （22 ℃, RH 40%, a photoperiod of L ： D=16h ： 8h）, the adult physiological and biochemical characteristics of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead were compared after reared on the two species of wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum and Macrosiphum avenae. The results showed that, compared with those reared on S. graminum, both female and male adult wasps had wider head width （0.67 mm, 0.62 mm）, longer longevity （5.0 d, 4.6 d）, lower supercooling points （-25.7 ℃, -25.3 ℃） and freezing points （-24.9 ℃, -24.8 ℃）, and higher water, protein and carbohydrate contents when reared on M. avenae. However, there were no differences in fat content between those reared on two different host plants, and no differences in all previous parameters between female and males reared on the same host plants. There were no differences in activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase between those reared on two host plants, and between female and male adult wasps reared on the same host plants, with exceptions of that male adult wasps reared on M. avenae had higher activities of catalase than those reared on S. graminum and that female adult wasps reared on M. avenae had higher activities of peroxidase than those reared on S. graminum. The results indicated that A.gifuensis from M. avenae gets higher potential of anti-adversity than those from S. graminum.