基于自动气象观测站的日光温室小气候特征分析

利用温室自动气象站自动观测资料和同期室外气象资料,对影响日光温室内的小气候环境因子进行了分析,结果表明:温室内的气温明显高于室外,温室日平均气温呈单波峰形变化;12月和翌年1月的相对湿度较高,应注意通风,避免温室蔬菜发生病虫害;1、2和3月的总辐射辐照度最高值均出现在12:00,而12月份的辐照度最高值出现在13:00;温室内0和5 cm浅层地温变化较大,5 cm地温变化小于地表温度变化;20和40 cm深层地温基本维持稳定,而且均高于上层地温,说明深层土壤有一定的蓄热作用。在不同的天气条件下,分析了温室内温度的变化规律,为合理调控温室内小气候环境因子,指导温室农作物生产提供了科学依据。

Analysis on the Microclimatic Characteristics of Sunlight Greenhouse Based on Automatic Meteorological Observation Station

Based on the automatic observation data of greenhouse automatic meteorological station and the outdoor meteorological data at the same time,the influencing environmental factors on the microclimate in sunlight greenhouse were analyzed.And the results showed that the temperature in greenhouse was obviously higher than the outdoor temperature and the daily average temperature in the greenhouse showed the single-wave peak changes.The relative humidity in December and in January of the next year was higher.So ventilation was necessary and the diseases and pests of vegetables in greenhouse should be avoided.The maximum value of total radiation irradiance in Jan,Feb and Mar all occurred at 12 o'clock,while that in Dec occurred at 13 o'clock.The ground temperature in 0 and 5 cm shallow layers of greenhouse had greater changes and the ground temperature changes in 5 cm shallow layer were smaller than the surface ground temperature.The ground temperatures in 20 and 40 cm deep layers basically maintained to be stable and they were higher than the ground temperature in the above layers,which indicated that deep-layer soil had certain thermal retention.Under different weather conditions,the change laws of temperature in greenhouse were analyzed.This research provided scientific basis for regulating the microclimate environmental factors in greenhouse and guiding the production of crops in greenhouse.