播种机组纯作业时间利用率与地块条件的匹配模型与试验

机械化播种作业是现代农业生产的重要环节,纯作业时间利用率是衡量播种机组作业效率的重要指标。该研究依据农业机组运行机理,在调查研究的基础上,提出季节时间利用率概念,确定了播种机组的作业时间构成,建立了播种机组纯作业时间、转弯时间、加种肥时间的计算模型和3种加肥方式下的播种机组纯作业时间利用率计算模型,明确各参数随地块面积、地块长度等条件变化的一般规律;以此为基础,在机组正常作业状态下,采用定距离多点多设备同步跟踪测的试验方法获取4种典型播种机组各类作业时间数据,并运用3σ原理剔除无效数据;依据所建模型及有效试验数据,采用Matlab 2012b对4种播种机组的纯作业时间利用率随地块条件变化规律进行模拟仿真,并采用Sigmaplot 12.5软件直观表达试验结果;进而探索了播种机组纯作业时间利用率随地块条件化的原因,确定了目标时间利用率条件下不同播种机组与其所适宜的作业地块面积和地块长度的定量关系:播种机组纯作业时间利用率大于0.6时,约翰迪尔7830机组适合作业地块面积大于等于6 hm^2、地块长度为1 200~1 400 m;维美德171机组适宜作业地块面积大于等于6 hm^2、地块长度为1 000~1 200 m;常发504机组适合作业的地块面积大于等于1 hm^2、地块长度为500~1 500 m;黄海254机组适合作业的地块面积大于等于0.3 hm^2、地块长度200~1 500 m。研究成果可为不同地块条件的播种机组选型提供定量依据。

Matching model and experiment of net working time utilization rate of seeder unit with plot length and area

The mechanized seeding operation is an important part in modern agricultural production, and the net operating time utilization rate of the seeder is an important indicator to impact the efficiency of seeder unit. According to machinery unit application principle, the new term of seasonal net time utilization rate was determined in this paper, each consumed time items of seeder unit was distinguished and relevant mathematic models were established based on mechanized seeding practice and sufficient survey, such as net operating time, turning time and time of adding fertilizer and seeds and so on. Based on this, three mathematical models of net operating time utilization rate of seeding machinery units were established according to different adding fertilizer and seed ways. The experiment scheme was designed, which uses the method of multi-point synchronous tracking measurement to test the time items in the seeding process without disturbing the normal seeding process. Data of each time items of 4 typical seeding machinery units were obtained during the experiments. The statistic principle of was used to distinguish and eliminate invalid experiment data. Based on the models established and effective tested data, Matlab 2012b was used to analysis the net operating time utilization rate of the 4 seeding machinery units changing with plot length and area under 3 different ways to add fertilizer and seed, the test results were expressed using Sigmaplot 12.5 software, and th quantitative correspondence between the different typical seeding machinery units and suitable operating plot area and length under the aimed net operating time utilization rate were determined. The results showed that when the aimed net operating time utilization rate of seeding machinery units is greater than 0.6, the John Deere 7 830 unit is suitable for the plots with areas larger than 5 hm2 and the plot length is 1 200-1 400 m. The Valtra 171 unit is suitable for the plots with area larger than 5 hm2 and the plot length is 1 000-1 200 m. The suitable plots for Changfa 504 unit are that area is more than 1 hm2 and the plot length is 500-1 500 m. The plots with area greater than 0.3 hm2 and the plot length is 200-1 500 m are suitable for Huanghai 254 unit. The results can provide scientific accordance to select seeding machinery units for different plots.