旅游开发对若尔盖自然保护区土壤养分和物理性状的影响

对高原湿地若尔盖国家级自然保护区不同旅游开发强度下土壤养分和物理性状进行研究的结果表明：（1）不同旅游开发强度（强度等级）对若尔盖高原湿地花湖景区土壤养分含量（有机质、氮、磷、钾）有着较大差异。（2）不同旅游开发强度对土壤理化性质的影响表现为：随着放牧干扰强度的增加,样地土壤容重逐渐增大、孔隙度逐渐减小。干扰导致土壤持水量和含水量下降,重度和中度干扰下土壤持水量和含水量与无放牧干扰时相比均有显著下降（P〈0.05）。放牧压实造成土壤表层孔隙度下降,致使土壤初渗速率、稳渗速率下降,其中稳渗速率下降最为明显,轻度、中度和重度放牧干扰下土壤稳渗速率比未受放牧干扰时分别下降了49.81%,81.89%和92.34%。（3）旅游活动、过牧超载等人为干扰活动是引起生态退化的主要原因。气候寒冷造成土壤利用性能受限,植被生长缓慢且破坏后难于恢复,湿地中伴随着水的大量流失和进而引发的湿地功能的的丧失对若尔盖及附近地区乃至全球生态环境的形成与演变产生重大影响。应对若尔盖湿地自然生态环境进行保护。严禁挖沟排水和过度无序旅游,乃是保护土壤,稳定若尔盖湿地高原生态环境的重要措施。只有这样,保护土壤生态系统才有依托,才有物质基础。

The Impacts of Tourism Development on Soil Nutrients and Physical Properties in Ruoergai Plateau Wetland Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Researches were conducted on tourism development intensity of soil nutrients and physical properties of Ruoergai Plateau Wetland National Nature Reserve.The results of the study showed that：（1） Soil nutrient contents of the Flower Lake scenic area of the Ruoergai Plateau Wetland（organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium） influenced by different tourism development in strength（strength grade）were quite different.（2） Different tourism development intensity on soil physical and chemical properties was as follows：with the increased intensity of grazing disturbance,soil bulk density of samples gradually increased,and porosity decreased.Soil water-holding capacity and water content declined because of interference.The water holding capacity and water content under moderate and severe interference significantly decreased as compared with the non-interference of soil grazing（P0.05）.Soil compaction caused by grazing caused the surface porosity to decrease,as well as the primary infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate of soil to decline.And the declining of the steady infiltration rate was the most obvious.The steady infiltration rate of soil under moderate and severe grazing disturbances decreased by 49.81%,81.89% and 92.34% respectirely as compared with no grazing.（3）Tourism activities,over-grazing overload activities and other anthropogenic interference were the main reasons for causing ecological degradation.The cold weather constrained the utilization of soils.The vegetation had slow growth and was difficult to recover when it was destroyed.A large number of water loss and the resultant loss of wetland functions had a significant impact on the formation and evolution of Ruoergai region and its vicinity as well as the global ecological environment.The natural ecological environment of Ruoergai Wetland should be protected.Trenching,drainage and excessive disorderly tourism should be strictly prohibited,some important measures should be taken to conserve Ruoergai wetland＇s soil and its plateau＇s ecological environment.Only in this way,the protection of soil ecosystem had support and material basis.