不同调理剂对猪粪堆肥腐殖质特性及元素含量变化的影响

分别以木屑、泥炭及水葫芦作为猪粪堆肥的调理剂，制作有机堆肥，研究了3种堆肥体系在堆肥进程中腐殖酸（HA＋FA）及其组成、腐殖化指数（HI=HA／FA）、pH的变化过程，以及堆制前后1mol／L NH4Ac-0．05mol／L EDTA浸提态金属离子含量的变化。在此基础上讨论了HI、pH和阳离子交换量（CEC）之间的关系。结果表明，在整个堆肥制作中，HA＋FA和HA均呈现先下降后上升再稳中有降的趋现势，总体表现为增加；HI则上升明显，这些是堆肥腐熟和品质提高的重要表；pH变化因调理剂的不同而有较大的差异；除重金属Cr外，1mol／L NH4Ac-0．05mol／L EDTA浸提的绝大部分金属离子含量堆制后均有增加，3种堆肥增加幅度的顺序为：猪粪＋水葫芦〉猪粪＋木屑〉猪粪＋泥炭；堆制前后pH和HI的变化与堆制前后CEC变化分别呈较好的正相关和负相关，它们可以作为堆制前后交换态金属元素含量变化的指示指标。

Effect of Different Conditioners on Humification Properties of Pig Feces Compost and Changes of Their Element Forms

Three kinds of organic compost were made from pig feces mixed with sawdust,peat and water hyacinth respectively.Total humus acid(HA+FA),humic acid(HA),fulvic acid(FA),humification index(HI=HA/FA) and pH during the composting,1 mol/L NH_(4)Ac-0.05 mol/L EDTA extractable content of some elements including heavy metals before and after the compostwere measured and changes were observed.Besides,the relationship between the change of pH,HI and CEC after compost were discussed.The results showed that the change of HA+FA and HA decreased first and then increased,followed by a stable state with a slow decrease,on the average they all increased.HI increased apparently.These were important display of composting maturity and enhancedquality.The change of pH was quite different due to different conditioners in compost.In general,except the content of extractable Crdecreased,the content of most extractable metal ions increased;however,the increase extents of different compost were quite different following the order of as pig feces + water hyacinth' > pig feces + sawdust' > pig feces + peat'.There existed a positive correlation between the change of pH and cation exchange capacity(CEC),a negative correlation between the change of HIand CEC,which meansthe change of pH and HI after compost may be two indicators in the evaluation of the change of CEC.