中国松针锈病病原菌—鞘锈菌研究现状及问题

中国松针锈病病原菌——鞘锈菌(Coleosporium Le′v.) 已知有48种,除一种短循环型生活史的偃松鞘锈菌(C.pini-pumilae Azb.)外,其余均为长循环型生活史,夏孢子、冬孢子寄主涉及到单子叶和双子叶植物的13个科,57个属。中国鞘锈菌只有9个种的寄主关系和生活史已明确,其余都未经过人工接种,锈孢子寄主关系及生活史未知。由于鞘锈菌对寄主选择不太严格,相近种的寄主又有重叠,使人们对鞘锈菌按形态定属名,按寄主定种的传统分类方法是否完全合理产生了怀疑。我们认为确定鞘锈菌种,不仅要考虑孢子形态等特征,还要考虑不同地区鞘锈菌对寄主范围,从优选择和限定选择等多种情况,通过人工接种试验,结合野外调查,对鞘锈菌进行深入的研究,扭转当今分类上的混乱局面,为综合防治提供理论依据。

STUDY ON THE PROBLEMS AND CURRENT SITUATION OF CHINESE PINE NEEDLE-RUSTS (COLEOSPORIUM)

48 species of chinese pine needle-rusts ( Coleosporium spp.) have been known in china, all pine needle-rust species are macrocyclic, but, only one, C. pini-pamilae Azb., is microcyclic, uredospore and teliospore hosts are involved in 13 families and 57 genera of monocotyledon and dicotyledon. The host's relation and life cycle of 39 species of Chinese pine needle-rusts have been known, others are unknown and without artificial inoculation. Because Coleosporium species are not strict in selecting for hosts and the hosts of some closed species often overlap, it makes suspicions on the traditional taxonomic method of Coleosporium. which defined genera according to morphology and defined species according to hosts. In defining the species of Coleosporium, we think that not holy should the morphologic characteristics be considered, but also many circumstances such as optimal selection and limited selection for the hosts in different areas. We should conduct further study on Coleosporium through artificial inoculation, combined with field investigation to turn back confused situation of taxonomy, and provided theory basis of integrated control.