Marsh soils of the Karelian shore of the White Sea

This paper studies marsh soils on the Karelian shore of the White Sea. The soil cover has been found to differ on shores of the open, closed, and transitional types. The open shores have mainly marsh primitive and soddy soils. In bays, there are marsh soddy gley and dredged peat gley soils, and the transitional shores have marsh peaty soils. All soils have poorly developed profiles, and their reaction is close to neutral. Organic and organic-mineral layers form depending on the position of a soil above sea level: a sod layer forms in uplands, and peaty and mud layers form in depressions, which are regularly flooded and have a high groundwater level.