近百年来人类活动对黑河流域水环境的影响

在总结前人研究成果的基础上 ,系统论述了黑河流域近百年来的水环境变化。流域水环境包括流域水系、水资源时空分布以及水资源质量等方面。近百年来 ,由于人类活动强度的增加 ,河流湖泊水系逐渐从自然水系、半自然水系演化为人工水系 ,地表径流基本上为人类所控制 ,使水资源利用主要集中在中游和下游上段地区 ,下游河道年平均断流天数从 5 0年代的 37.6d上升至 90年代的 89.9d,尾闾湖西居延海于 1 960年干涸 ,东居延海处于干涸和充水交替状态。水资源在年际和年内的分配都发生了极大变化。由于工农业发展、水资源利用方式、重复利用率提高以及人工合成物质的使用和排放等多种因素 ,流域水质持续恶化。由于人类活动的特点 ,在整个环境演变过程中定量分析人类活动的影响还没有适宜的理论和方法。

The Impact of Human Activity on the Water Environment of HeiHe Water basin in Last Century

Based on the former researches, the change of water environment of HeiHe water basin in last century was summarized systematically. water environment includes the water system, the spatial and temporal distribution and the water resources' quantity and quality, and so on. with the increase of artificial of human activity, in last century, the water system of HeiHe River changed from natural system and sub-natural system to artificial system, gradually. Human being controls the river flow by utilization of water resources which centralized mainly in the middle reach and upper-lower reaches. The average days of no flow per year(<0.5 m 3/s) in lower reaches increased from 37.6d to 89.9d in 1950's and 1990's respectively. The Xijuyan lake dried in 1960, the Dongjuyan lake appears dry-water alternate condition. Because of the development of industry and agriculture, the application style of water resources, the increasing of reutilization rate, and man made products' utilization, and so on, the water quality worsens continually. Up to now, there is no suitable principle and method for quantitative analysis of the human effects on the environmental process.