小麦收获前HMW-GS最佳测定时间的探讨及在育种上的应用

摘 要：为了寻找小麦收获前测定高分子量谷蛋白亚基的最佳时间，实现高分子量谷蛋白亚基与综合育种目标性状的同时选择。从小麦开花期始，对21个小麦品种(以中国春为对照)每5天用SDS-PAGE法测定其HMW-GS以寻找最佳测定时间，并对21个杂交组合后代进行连年选择。试验结果表明，乳熟末期HMW-GS谱带始达清晰，是当代测定当代选择的最佳测定时期。通过连年高分子量谷蛋白亚基的选择，部分高分子量谷蛋白优质亚基出现的频率得到显著的提高，选择效果良好。本研究选育出高产优质小麦新苗头品系宝麦35，证明当代测定高分子量谷蛋白亚基的同时结合综合育种目标性状进行选择，对于选育优质，高产、抗逆新品种效果是良好的。

the Discussion of Best Detected Period and Application in Breeding of HMW-GS before Harvest of Wheat

Abstract:In order to searching for the best detected period of HMW-GS before harvest of wheat,achieving the one time selected of HMW-GS and objective trait .The HMW-GS components of 21 wheat varieties were fractionated by SDS-PAGE each 5 days from anthesis to search for the best detected period ,and 21future generation of hybrid combination were continual selected. The resulted showed :○1late milky stage is the best stage which firstly has clear HMW-GS and contemporary detection and selection.○2The some excellent HMW-GS frequency was improved according to continual selected of HMW-GS, the selected effect is good.○3The new line Baomai 35 with high yield and quality were selected, proved that the selection which combines contemporary detected HMW-GS with breeding objective of comprehensive was benefit the new line selection of high yield and quality and resistantance.