澳大利亚的森林经营及其对我国的启示

为满足发展林产工业和保护环境的双重要求, 近20年来澳大利亚显著改进了森林经营, 其核心是在景观层次上考虑木材生产与环境保护的协调问题。具体措施包括分类经营、拟态经营、健康经营、经济经营、多目标经营、社会化经营、认证经营和安全经营等, 从森林的宏观格局配置到经营作业实施, 从管理体制到技术规程, 从人员素质提高到劳动安全, 进行了全面的调整, 走上了具有明显的现代特征的林业可持续发展道路。我国应借鉴其有价值的经验, 坚持以现代林业的思想指导森林经营, 实行差别经营政策, 完善技术体系, 培养有现代经营理念的人员, 加快推进现代林业, 为完成新时期林业又好又快发展的任务奠定基础。

Research on the Improvements of Silviculture in Australia and Its Influence to China

Silviculture practices for managing Australia's native forest and plantation has been improved significantly over the past 20 years.It was driven by the efforts gor the forest manager to meet the community expectations while maintaining timber supplies to industries and providing greater protection for the environment.The new silviculture practices which include nearly all aspects such as economic analysis,forest health,certification,classification and even occupation safety,try to find balance between timber production and environment protection at landscape level.These resulted in a series of adjustments such as regulations & policies,forest practices,management and technical code,skill and satefy of the forester,which has characteristics of Australia's forestry in modern forestry.Based on the Australia's successful experience to improve forest practice,the author thinks that China should insist on the guidance of modern forestry theory,carry out suitable policy,improve technical codes,improve forester's knowledge to implement forest practice and forestry development with good quality and high speed.