智慧农业发展现状及战略目标研究

随着现代信息技术在农业领域的广泛应用,以智慧农业为表现形态的农业智能革命已经到来。智慧农业是农业信息化发展从数字化到网络化再到智能化的高级阶段,对农业发展具有里程碑意义,已成为世界现代农业发展的趋势。分析了日本、欧盟、英国、加拿大、美国等国家和地区政府针对智慧农业发展相继出台的政策、措施和发展规划,并分析了中国农业1.0到4.0的发展历程和近年来智慧农业的发展现状。围绕发展过程中存在的各种问题和需求,阐述了突破智慧农业核心技术、实现农业“机器替代人力”、“电脑替代人脑”、“自主技术替代进口”的三大转变,提高农业生产智能化和经营网络化水平,加快信息化服务普及,降低应用成本,为农民提供用得上、用得起、用得好的个性化精准信息服务,大幅度提高农业生产效率、效能、效益,引领现代农业发展的战略目标。最后并提出了8个重点任务建议和推动智慧农业发展的5项政策建议。

State-of-the-art and recommended developmental strategic objectivs of smart agriculture

With the wide applications of modern information technology in agriculture, agricultural intelligent technology revolution with manifestation of smart agriculture is coming. Smart agriculture is an advanced stage in the development of agricultural informatization from digitalization to networking to intelligence, it forms a new way of agricultural production, i.e., taking information and knowledge as the core elements, and integrating modern information technology such as internet, internet of things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, intelligent equipment, and so on, to realize agricultural information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control, precise input, and personalized service. Smart agriculture is a milestone in the development of agriculture and has become the development trend of modern agriculture in the world. In this article, the policies, measures, and programs for encouraging the development of smart agriculture issued by Japan, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, and other countries and regions were summarized, the development history from 1.0 version to 4.0 version of agriculture and development status of smart agriculture in China were also analyzed: remarkable results has achieved, at the end of 2017, the proportion of internet access in administrative villages reached 96%, 204,000 villages established the AgroSciences Information Agency, the retail sales of rural networks reached RMB 1.25 trillion Yuan, 426 cost-effective agricultural IoT products and technologies have been formed by the implementation of IoT pilot project. Behind the rapid development, smart agriculture in China still faces the problems of lack of basic research and technology accumulation, technologies such as sensors for agriculture, animal and plant models with intelligent decision-making, intelligent and precise operation equipment are the main short-boards. The pilot construction projects for the application of smart agriculture have been carried out all over the country, however, the role of display was greater than the actual effect. In order to solving the problems and achieving development demand, the strategic objectives of breaking through the core technologies, realizing the three major changes of "machine replacing manpower", "computer replacing human brain", and "independent technology replacing imports", improving the agricultural production level of intelligence and management network, accelerating the popularization of information services, and reducing application cost, providing farmers with personalized and precise information services that are affordable, and well-used, greatly improving agricultural production efficiency, and guiding the development of modern agriculture were proposed. Based on the analysis above, finally, eight key tasks including developing agricultural sensors, large-load agricultural UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) protection systems, smart tractors, agricultural robots, agricultural big data, agricultural artificial intelligence, integrated applications and smart agricultural industry, and five policy recommendations including strengthening government support, formulating relevant subsidy policies, strengthening technical standards, and opening data sharing for the future development of smart agriculture in China were proposed.