施药技术参数对旋翼植保无人机喷雾特性的影响

植保无人机的高质量作业是农业航空实现精准作业的前提,因此对喷雾系统作业特性进行研究显得尤为重要。为了探究影响植保无人机喷雾质量的因素,本研究应用喷雾性能综合试验台（吉林省农业机械研究院研制）对无人机在不同旋翼转速、喷雾高度、离心喷头转速情况下的雾滴沉积分布、雾滴粒径进行了试验测试并对12组试验的沉积特性和粒径数据进行了回归分析。结果表明,同组参数的3次重复试验一致性较好,雾滴发生明显飘移且最大有效沉积率为46.31%,最小为31.74%,由此雾滴有效沉积率均低于50%;对比雾滴粒径D_V10、D_V50和D_V90的回归分析结果,喷雾高度P值大于0.5,喷头转速和旋翼转速P值小于0.5,由此可知,喷雾高度对沉积量影响极显著,但对雾滴粒径的影响不显著;喷头转速和旋翼转速对雾滴粒径影响极显著,而对沉积量影响不显著。本研究试验结果可为提高无人机作业质量和喷洒效率提供理论依据及数据支撑。

Effects of technical operation parameters on spray characteristics of rotor plant protection UAV

High-quality operation of plant protection UAV is the premise of precision operation in agricultural aviation, so it is particularly important to study the characteristics of spray system. In order to explore the factors that affect the spray quality, the comprehensive experimental platform of spray performance (developed by Jilin Agricultural Machinery Research Institute) was used to test the droplet deposition distribution and droplet diameter under different UAV rotor speed, spray height and centrifugal nozzle speed in this research, and regression analysis on the deposition characteristics and particle diameter data of 12 groups of tests was conducted. The results showed that the three repeated tests of the same set of parameters had good consistency. Droplets had obvious drift and the maximum effective deposition rate was 46.31% and minimum 31.74%, which shows that the effective deposition rate of droplets was lower than 50%. Compared with the regression analysis results of droplet diameters DV10, DV50 and DV90, the spray height P value is greater than 0.5, and the nozzle speed and rotor speed P value are less than 0.5. So it can be inferred that spray height had a very significant effect on deposition, no significant effect on droplet size. The nozzle speed and rotor speed had very significant effect on droplet size, no significant effect on deposition. The test results of this research can provide theoretical basis and data support for improving the operation quality and spraying efficiency of UAVs.