北京郊区农村劳动力利用结构研究

劳动力利用结构与产业结构、区域经济发展水平密切相关。京郊农村劳动力利用结构具有如下特点：①在郊区农村劳动力总量中，农业劳动力仍占有较大比重，劳动力配置与各产业的国内生产总值结构并不一致。②农村劳动力利用结构的区域间差异比较大，远郊区和山区农业剩余劳动力较多。③农村劳动力就业中出现的新矛盾导致劳动力供需总量和就业结构失衡并存。制约京郊农村劳动力优化配置的长期因素包括：①第一产业经营规模小，组织化程度低。②第二产业出现资本增密现象，③第三产业发展不够。④农村劳动力文化素质偏低。⑤农村劳动力就业观念保守。⑥外省市流入劳动力不断增加．根据京郊农村劳动力利用结构的现状和变动趋势分析，未来１５年，京郊农村将从单纯转移农业剩余劳动力转变到按照经济发展目标调整劳动力利用结构，优化劳动力资源配置的方向上，针对制约农村劳动力合理利用的长期因素需采取如下对策：①对劳动力的供求总量实施有力的调控，重点是控制住外省市流入劳动力的规模，②结合调整产业结构，调整农村劳动力的利用结构，实现劳动力在产业间的优化配置。③加快发展农村第三产业，使京郊市场与城市市场相融合。④发展农民职业教育，提高农村劳动力素质，⑤建立计划指导与市场配置相结合的机?

Research on the Structure of Use of Rural Labour Force the Suburbs of Beijing

The structure of use of labour force is closely related to the industral structure and the level of economical development of the region , The structure of rural labour force in the suburbs of Beijing has the following charaeteristies. 1 . In the suburbs of Beijing agricultural labour force still stands for quite a large part in the total rural labour force and allocaion of labour force does not match with the structure of industral GDP. 2 . The structure of use of rural labour force varies a lot from one district to another. and the agricultural surplus labour force in considerable.in the remote suburs and mountain areas of Beijing. 3 . The new contradiction in the employment of rural labour force result in the unbalance among the total supply and demand of labour force as well as the employment structure. The factors limiting the improvement of allocation of labour force in Beijing suburbs are the following , 1 . The small scale of business in the primary industry and tle lower degree of organisation. 2. The increase of capital per capita in the secodarg industry. 3. The insufficient development of the tertiary industry. 4. The lower degree of education of the rural labowr force. 5 . The conservavtive outlook of rural labour force on employment. 6. The continuous increase in labour force coming from other provinces. Acconding to the present siuation and the development trend in the use of rural labour force in the suburbs of Beijing,the rural world in the suburbs of Beijing in the next 15 years should change from a situation of pure transfer of agricul- tural suplus to an adjustment in the structure of use of labour force and an improvement in the al- location of labour force according to the objectives of economic development. In order to achieve this, this following measures should be taken, 1.keep a good control over the global supply anddemand and especiallg over the transfer of labour force from other provines.2 Adjust the struc-ture of use of rural labour forec according to the industrial structure in order to acheve improve-mewt of the allocation of rural labour force.3.Speed up the development of the tertiary industryin the country,so as to attain fusion of city market,and suburbs markets.4.Put a lot of efforsto improve the level of education in the country,efforts to improve and raise the cultural level ofrural labour force,5.Set wp a machinery that should join planning guide and market allocation,so as to put the employment of rurul labour force in the suburs of Beijing in a macro-control sys-tem.6.Estalish a necessary policy leading to a more rational use of the rural labour force and a so-cial insurence system capable of dealing with the rural labour force.