西葫芦花粉生活力测定方法及最佳授粉时间的研究

研究了西葫芦新鲜花粉的生活力测定方法、离体培养条件、短期贮藏方法以及不同时间的花粉生活力强度。结果显示:TTC染色法的测定值与离体培养法的测定结果相近且差异不显著,是一种快捷、准确测定西葫芦花粉生活力的染色方法。培养基15%蔗糖+100mg/L硼酸+300mg/LCa(NO3)2.4H2O+200mg/L MgSO4.7H2O+100mg/L KNO3,适宜西葫芦花粉离体萌发,花粉离体萌发率最高,为60.602%,0℃黑暗干燥或4℃黑暗干燥贮藏花粉,生活力保持最好,均在70.000%以上,且散粉情况较好;人工授粉最好在上午10:00之前完成,最佳授粉时间为6:00-8:00,此时种子的结实率最高。

Determination Methods of Pollen Viability and the Optimum Pollination Time of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)

The pollen viability of summer squash were tested using four different testing methods,at three different condition in vitro,after five different kinds of short-term storage methods and at different pollination time to study the best determination methods and the optimum pollination time.The results indicated that the TTC staining method was a kind of rapid and exact method for determining the pollen viability of Cucurbita pepo L.by which the determination values were close to the values by in vitro culture method,without significant difference.The culture medium A consisting of 15% sucrose,100mg/L boric acid,300mg/L Ca(NO3)2·4H2O,200mg/L MgSO4·7H2O and 100mg/L KNO3 was optimum for the pollen germination,in which the germination rate was the highest,60.602%.When the pollen was stored at dry air,darkness and 0℃ or 4℃,the pollen viability could maintain the highest and their average germination rate were all more than 70.000%,and the pollen were able to scatter perfectly.Artifical pollination must be completed before 10:00 am,and the best pollination time was 6:00-8:00 am,for the setting percentage was the highest.