云南石林喀斯特景区不同生境大型土壤动物多样性研究

选择云南石林喀斯特景区地带性植被（原始林）及受人为干扰形成的次生林、灌丛、草地、云南松林5种生境，进行雨季、旱季大型土壤动物群落结构、密度、生物量及多样性研究，结果表明：研究区大型土壤动物种类、生物量、多样性指数与干扰状态具有明显关系。景区内土壤动物优势类群为腹足纲、倍足纲、膜翅目和正蚓目，而正蚓目仅在原始林和次生林中出现，且数量较多，为生态环境优劣的重要指示物种；无论旱季或雨季，大型土壤动物的类群数、密度、生物量和多样性指数均以原始林最高，而受人为干扰最重的灌丛和草地则最低；该区大型土壤动物的分布有明显的表聚现象；5种生境大型土壤动物群落相似性均较低，而受人为保护的次生林与原始林土壤动物类群的相似性最高。

Study on the Diversity of Soil Macrofauna in Different Habitats in Shilin Karsts of Yunnan Province, China

The communities' structure, density, biomass and diversity of soil macrofauna in five habitats, which are zonal forest (original forest) , secondary forest, brush, grassland, and Pinus yunnanensis forest, representing the secondary-succession karst vegetation bushes and grass land with P. yunnanensis, and making up a series of local forest succession from human interference, had been studied respectively in rain season and dry season in the world-famous Shilin karst scenery park. The result from the study showed that the groups, biomass, diversity indexes of soil macrofauna there clearly depended on human interfering situation and history. The dominant groups of soil macrofauna are the Castopoda, Diplopoda, Hymenoptera, Lumbricida, and Lumbricida was only found rich in original forest and secondary forest. Therefore, Lumbricida is an important species for indicating ecological environment. No matter it is rain season or dry one, the number of groups of soil macrofauna, density, biomass and diversity index were the greatest in the original forest, and lowest in bushes and grassland which were most heavily disturbed. There was a clear phenomenon which soil macrofauna were accumulated in surface soils. The coefficient of communities of soil macrofauna found in 5 habitats was low, but it was the most obvious in the secondary forest, which was protected and naturally restored, and the zonal forest remaining because of local traditional religion.