利用TP-M13-SSR标记构建苹果栽培品种的分子身份证

以国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃保存的314份来自19个国家的苹果栽培品种为试材，利用TP-M13-SSR标记，基于TP-M13-SSR指纹图谱构建苹果种质分子身份证。16对SSR引物在供试种质间共检测出等位基因357个，平均每对引物检测到22.3个。根据引物扩增等位基因数和Shannon’s指数，从1对引物开始逐步增加引物数量筛选可将供试材料全部区分的引物组合，最终确定6对核心引物可以区分全部供试苹果种质。基于供试苹果种质在6个SSR位点的指纹图谱，将等位基因编码成字符串获得分子身份证，利用条码技术其进一步转化成可被机器快速扫描的条码分子身份证，使每份种质具有可辨的分子身份证，达到利用最少、最特异引物区分最多苹果种质的目的。

Molecular ID Establishment of Apple Cultivars by TP-M13-SSR

A total of 314 apple cultivars from 19 countries all over the world in the national pear and apple repository of Xingcheng were studied with tailed primer M13 microsatellite markers（TP-M13-SSR）. Analysis was made to establish the 314 apple cultivars molecular ID. The results showed that by using 16 selected SSR markers，357 alleles were detected with a mean value of 22.3 alleles. Based on number of alleles and Shannon’s information index，more and more loci were added to distinguish all the apple accessions，and finally six core primers at least were screened to establish germplasms molecular ID. Base on genetic fingerprints at six loci，loci that amplified by each marker were coded，then the code were combined as a molecular ID. Using barcode technology molecular ID can be transferred into barcode ID that can be scaned quickly by machine. Every apple germplasm obtain it’s special molecular ID. The purpose that using least primers distinguishes most apple germplasms has been come true.