扎龙自然保护区大型土壤动物的群落结构

在扎龙国家自然保护区,选择了羊草、星星草、寸草苔和芦苇4种群落,对大型土壤动物生态特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,在四种群落中,共获得大型土壤动物75类,4359只,隶属于3门、7纲、21目、50科。优势类群是蚁科、棘跳虫科。大型土壤动物的类群数:芦苇群落=星星草群落>羊草群落>寸草苔群落,个体数:芦苇群落>星星草群落>羊草群落>寸草苔群落,寸草苔群落的生境条件最差,大型土壤动物的水平分布具有不均匀性;大型土壤动物的垂直分布基本都随土层深度的增加而递减,表现出明显的表聚性。大型土壤动物的季节动态表现为,类群数:夏季>秋季>春季;个体数:夏季>秋季>春季,春季不论是类群数还是个体数都是最低的。大型土壤动物的多样性表现为,寸草苔群落=星星草群落>芦苇群落>羊草群落。

Community Structure of Macrofauna in Zhalong National Nature Reserve

In Zhalong National Nature Reserve,the wetland landscape in Qiqihar,four plant communities,Leymus chinensi,Puccinellia tenuiflora,Carex duriuscula and Phragmites australios communities are selected for the study on the ecological characteristic of macrofauna.The results showed that 75 groups with 4359 macrofaunas are obtained that belong to 3 phyla,7 classes,21 orders,50 families.Among them Formicidae and Onychiuridae are the dominant groups.The group numbers of soil macrofauna order as Phragmites australios communitie = Puccinellia tenuiflora communitie>Leymus chinensis communitie> Carex duriuscula communitie.The individual numbers of soil macrofauna rank as Phragmites australios communitie>Puccinellia tenuiflora communitie>Leymus chinensis communitiie>Carex duriuscula communitie.The habitat of Carex duriuscula communitie is inferior to the other communities.And the horizontal distribution of soil macrofauna is uneven.The vertical distribution of soil macrofauna is descended with the increase of depth of soil layer,showing obvious feature of surface-gathering.The seasonal dynamics of soil animal is both the group number and the individual number in the order:summer>autumn>spring.The group number and individual number are the lowest in spring.The diversity of soil macrofauna sequences as Carex duriuscula communitie = Puccinellia tenuiflora communitie>Phragmites australios communitie> Leymus chinensis communitie.