晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生特点及其对产量影响分析

为了明确晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生特点及对小麦的冻害影响，利用临汾市气象局1990—2015 年3 月下旬和4 月上、中旬日最低气温及日最低气温旬平均值资料以及2012—2015 年小麦区域试验产量资料，分析了晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生的特点及其对小麦产量的影响。结果表明：晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生频繁且严重，80%以上的年份都会受到春霜冻危害。3 月下旬的最低温度对当地小麦后期产量的影响不大，但平均日最低气温与后期产量成正相关。春霜冻冻害主要集中在4 月上、中旬。在春霜冻警戒期内4 月上旬的最低气温与后期产量显著或极显著正相关，平均日最低气温与后期产量正相关或显著正相关。4月中旬最低温度和平均日最低气温与后期产量均呈正相关或显著正相关。

Spring Frost and Its Impact on Yield in Winter Wheat Area of Southern Shanxi

In order to clarify the characteristics of spring frost and its impact on yield of winter wheat in winter wheat area of southern Shanxi, the ten days mean value data of daily lowest temperature in late March and early and middle April from 1990 to 2015 in Linfen were collected from Linfen meteorological bureau and the yield data in winter wheat area from 2012 to 2015 were adopted, to analyze the characteristics of spring frost and its impact on yield. The results showed that the spring frost occurred frequently and severely in winter wheat area of southern Shanxi, more than 80% of the studied years were affected by spring frost. The lowest temperature in late March had little impact on wheat yield in late period, and the mean daily lowest temperature was positively correlated with wheat yield in late period. The spring frost damage was concentrated in the early and middle April. In alert period, the lowest temperature in early April was significantly or extremely and significantly correlated with wheat yield in the late period, and the mean daily lowest temperature was positively or significantly and positively correlated with the yield. The lowest temperature and mean daily lowest temperature of the middle of April was positively or significantly and positively correlated with the yield.