玉米不同播种期对生长发育和产量性状的影响

以玉米杂交种桂顶一号,于1988～1989年在广州作分期播种试验。结果表明,全生育期、产量、株高和果穗位高受播期的影响较大,变化差异明显,而植株总叶片数和果位高/株高比值的变化较小。全生育期以2～3月和9月播种的较长,4～8月播种的较短。产量以3～4月上旬和7、8、9月播种的较高,5～6月播种最低。影响生育期长短的主要因子是温度条件,较低温延长生育,较高温促进生育,从而影响产量。构成产量的主要性状,以千粒重和行粒数变化最大,与产量相关最密切。

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING DATES ON GROWTH,DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN CORN

An experiment was conducted with a corn hybrid, Guiding 1, using different sowing dates from Feb. to Sept. during the years of 1988 to 1989 in Guangzhou. The result showed that the effect of different sowing dates on total growth period, grain yield, plant height and the height from soil surface to the first ear were more significant than that on the number of leaves per plant and the ratio of the height from soil surface to the first ear to plant height. Compared with the corn sowing dates from April to August, the corn sowed in Feb. , March and Sept. had longer total growth period. The yields of different sowing dates from March to the first ten days of April and July to Sept. were higher than the yields of sowing dates in May and June. The total growth period of corn was affected mainly by temperature. The growth and development of corn was retarded at lower temperatures, and promoted at higher temperatures. The yield was affected by temperature. Among yield components, the grain weight and the number of grains on one row of an ear varied widely, and they correlated with the yield most closely.