EMS诱变对刺梨种子出苗及早期生长性状的影响

以刺梨品种‘贵农5号’的种子为试材,种皮经砂纸磨损后用浓度为0.1%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%的甲基磺/酸乙酯(EMS)分别浸种处理12h和24h后播种,研究了出苗率、成苗率并观测幼苗早期生长表型性状,以期筛选出最适诱变剂量和处理时间,为后期构建大量刺梨EMS突变群体奠定技术基础。结果表明:0.1%~0.3%的低浓度EMS处理能提高种子的出苗率和成苗率,但随着EMS浓度升高或处理时间的延长,出苗率和成苗率均显著降低,当浓度升至0.9%处理12h或0.6%处理24h时其种子死亡率为100%。成活幼苗的生长性状可在株高、株型、叶型、分枝等方面表现出不同的表型变异,且在一定浓度范围内其变异率随着处理浓度增加而增加。综合考虑成苗率和表型变异率等数据,筛选得出0.3%EMS浸种12h为刺梨种子突变的适宜剂量条件。

Effects of EMS Mutagenesis on Rosa roxburghii Tratt.Seed Emergence and Its Early Growth Traits

The seeds of Rosa roxburghii Tratt.variety‘Guinong 5’were used as materials,the seeds coat were abraded by sandpaper,and then sown after soaked with ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)with the concentration of 0.1%,0.3%,0.6%,0.9%for 12hours and 24hours respectively,the emergence rate and seedling survival rate were counted and the phenotypic characters of early seedling growth were observed,in order to screen out the most suitable mutagenic dose and treatment time and lay a technical foundation for subsequent constructing a large number of EMS mutant populations of Rosa roxburghii Tratt..The results showed that 0.1%-0.3%low concentration EMS improved the emergence rate and seedling rate of seeds,but with the increasing of EMS concentration or the extending of treatment time,both the emergence rate and seedling survival rate decreased significantly.When the concentration rose to 0.9%for 12hours or 0.6%for 24hours,the seed mortality rate was 100%.The growth characteristics of living seedlings showed different phenotypic variation in plant height,plant architecture,leaf type and branch,and the variation rate increased with the increase of treatment concentration in a certain concentration range.Based on the data of seedling rate and phenotype variation rate,0.3%EMS soaking for 12hours was selected as the optimum dosage condition for seed mutation of RosaroxburghiiTratt.seeds.