丘陵山地作物移栽机井窖式成穴机构设计与试验

针对丘陵山地作物移栽的现有半自动和间歇井窖式成穴装备作业效率和质量较低、人工劳动强度较大等问题，为保证井窖穴体的大深度以及穴体轮廓直径一致的农艺要求，基于非圆齿轮-平行四杆机构设计一种井窖式成穴机构，在阐述机构的组成结构和工作原理的基础上建立其运动学模型。依据运动学模型运用Matlab开发成穴机构的人机交互可视化辅助界面，利用该界面结合二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法建立成穴机构响应指标与试验因素的回归方程，并通过响应曲面得到其影响趋势和交互关系；以回归方程为基础，采用多目标函数优化获取成穴机构的优化参数组合。根据优化后的机构参数组合研制成穴机构样机及田间作业平台并进行田间试验，试验结果表明：穴体深度为181.7 mm、穴体直立角度为90.5°、穴体直径最大值为75.6 mm、穴体直径最小值为68.5 mm、穴体直径方差为7.5 mm²、穴距为503.1 mm,优化后的成穴机构满足丘陵山地作物移栽井窖成穴的农艺要求。

Design and Experiment of Cellar Cavitation Mechanism for Crops of Hilly Mountains Transplanter

In the view of low operational efficiency and quality, high labor intensity of the existing semi-automatic and intermittent cellar cavitation mechanism for crops of hilly mountains, a cellar cavitation mechanism based on non-circular gear parallel four bar mechanism was designed in order to ensure the agronomic requirements of deeper depth and consistent contour diameter of cavity. In addition, its kinematic model was stablished on the basis of elaborating the structure and working principle. The regression equation of response index and experimental factors for cavitation mechanism was established by combining the quadratic orthogonal rotation center combination test method and the human-computer interactive visual auxiliary interface of cavitation mechanism, which was established by the Matlab according to the kinematic model. Thus, the influence trend and interaction relationship were obtained by response surface simultaneously. In terms of the regression equation, multi-objective function optimization was used to obtain the optimal parameter combination of mechanism. According to the regression equation, the optimal parameters of cavitation mechanism, which was used to develop the prototype of cellar cavitation mechanism and field operation platform, could be achieved via the multi-objective function optimization. The field test results showed that the depth of cavitation was 181.7mm, the vertical angle of cavitation was 90.5°, the maximum diameter of cavity was 75.6mm, the minimum diameter of cavity was 68.5mm, the variance of cavity diameter was 7.5mm2 and the distance between cavities was 503.1mm. The optimized mechanism can meet the agronomic requirements for crops of hilly mountains transplanting cellar cavitation.