纳米材料对淡水水生生物的生态毒理效应研究进展

作为21世纪三大科学支柱的纳米科学,因其独特的宏观量子隧道效应、量子尺寸效应、表面效应等理化性质被广泛应用于工业生产、医学领域以及人们的日常生活中,也由此引发了生态毒理学等许多方面学者的广泛关注。水生态系统可以接收从雨水沉降、地表径流、地下渗流或者废水排放等各种方式释放出的包括纳米材料在内的大量污染物,而淡水生态系统作为内陆地区主要的水环境无疑会成为纳米材料污染较为严重的部分,其对淡水水生生物生理活性的影响不容忽视。本文介绍了纳米材料的相关性质,分析了纳米材料进入淡水生态系统的主要途径,主要介绍了常见的三类纳米材料并重点分析当前在此方面的研究成果和进展。最后,讨论了纳米毒理学工作者在未来的工作方向并引发相关水产行业对此的关注,并对今后全面研究纳米材料的安全性评价提供新的想法和思路。

Research Progress on Ecotoxicology of Nanomaterials on Freshwater Aquatic Organisms

Nano-science is one of 3 pillars inthefields of 21st century scientific studies.Because of their unique and superior quantum sizes and surface effects as well as other characteristics,nanomaterials are extensively applied for industrial,medical,and general applications.Thus,the ecotoxicology of nanomaterials has become an issue that draws increasing attentions.Aquatic ecosystem is subject to pollution by a wide varieties of sources with substances,including nanomaterials,released from rainfalls,surface runoff,underground seepage,and waste water discharge.Consequently,inland freshwater is likely most vulnerable to the serious damages introduced by the discharged nanomaterials.Impacts on the physiology of freshwater aquatic organisms cannot be overlooked.This article summarizes the properties of nanomaterials,and analyzes relevant approaches to mitigate the harmful effects on the eco-system.It reviews the 3 common classes of the materials,and the current research status and progress with an emphasis on nano metal oxide.Finally,the anticipated direction and proposals for future studies relating to the biotoxicity and safety of the ever-increasingly popular material are discussed.