5-氮胞苷对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织生长和再分化的影响及诱变效应

用5-氮胞苷(5-azaC)处理籼型三系杂交水稻恢复系“明恢63”、“密阳46”和“特青2号”成熟胚诱导产生的愈伤组织,当5-azaC浓度为0.1mmol/L时,愈伤组织的增殖明显受抑;当5-azaC浓度达1.0mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率下降50%以上;5-azaC浓度提高到1.5mmol/L时,愈伤组织增殖率仅及对照的20%。分化阶段愈伤组织对5-azaC更敏感,当5-azaC的浓度为0.02mmol/L时,愈伤组织的再分化率明显下降,且随5-azaC浓度的增加,再分化率也显著下降,当5-azaC的浓度为0.2mmol/L时,各试验品种的愈伤组织的再分化力完全受抑,不能分化出幼苗。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再分化力也下降,但经预分化培养后分化力可恢复到较高水平。经5-azaC处理的愈伤组织再生植株产生了性状变异,出现了白化苗、矮秆、迟熟和早熟等变异体,当代的突变率为3.03%~5.31%。突变性状表现为单基因隐性突变,可稳定遗传。

EFFECTS OF 5-AZACYTIDINE ON THE PROLIFERATION,REGENERATION AND MUTATIONINDUEING TO THE CALLUS FROM INDICA RICE MATURE EMBRYO

The callus,which were induced from the mature embryo of three-line indica hybrid rice restorer lines,Minghui 63,Milyang 46,and Teqing 2,were treated by 5-azacytidine(5-azaC).The callus was inhibited obviously on the medium containing 0.1mmol/L 5-azaC,and more obviously on the higher concentration of 5-azaC.The proliferation rate of the callus fall down over 50% when 5-azaC concentration was up to 1.0mmol/L.When the callus was exposed on the medium containing 1.5 mmol/L 5-azacytidine,its proliferation rate fall down over 80%.The callus was more susceptible to 5-azaC in the stage of regeneration.Compared with no 5azacytidine in the medium,the regeneration rate of the callus fall down obviously when the callus were on the medium containing 0.02mmol/L 5-azaC.With higher concentration of 5-azaC,the regeneration rate of the callus was lower.The regeneration capability of the callus from three varieties tested was inhibited completely when the 5-azaC concentration was up to 0.2mmol/L and no plantlet was produced.The regeneration capability of the callus also fall down after the 5-azaC treatment,however,it could be restored through pre-regeneration stage.In this research system,several characteristics such as albino,dwarfism,late-heading and early-heading in the regeneration plants were mutated,the general mutation rate in MR_1 were 3.03%～5.31%.The mutant characteristics appeared just single locus mutation and inheritable stably.