中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率时空特征与空间错位

为评估中国蔬菜绿色生产率,提升蔬菜生产绿色发展水平,推进农业高质量发展。该研究采用超效率SBM-ML模型、空间错位指数、主成分分析法等方法,探究2011—2020年中国30个省市蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的时空格局演变与空间错位特征,识别影响中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的主要因素。研究结果发现：1）2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率整体呈下降趋势,由1.023 1降低到0.741 4,蔬菜生产与生态环境可持续发展的协调程度降低,其中技术效率下降和技术退步共同拖累了蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的提高。2）2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率增长呈“东高西低,南高北低”的空间分布特征。北回归线以南产区蔬菜绿色全要素生产率最高,西北产区蔬菜绿色全要素生产率最低,其差异主要取决于水土资源供给状况与市场需求规模等因素。3）2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率与技术效率的空间错位由北向南大致呈现“正向错位—负向错位”的变化趋势,整体以低错位为主。东北产区、中部产区地势平坦,农业生产条件良好,有利于蔬菜规模化种植。2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率与技术进步的空间错位呈显著的“东正西负”的空间分布特征,且空间错位程度较大,负向错位省份数量由13个增至17个。由于蔬菜生产过于追求经济效益,忽视了绿色生产技术的投入。4）经济发展水平、资源环境禀赋和交通通达性是影响中国省域蔬菜绿色全要素生产率变化的主要因素,其中城镇化率和人均可支配收入等经济要素对蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的影响最为明显。研究结果可准确把握现阶段蔬菜绿色生产现状,为农业绿色转型发展提供借鉴。

Spatiotemporal pattern and spatial mismatch of the green total factor productivity of vegetables in China

The vegetable industry is of great significance for high-quality and sustainable agriculture and rural revitalization. This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and spatial dislocation of the green total factor productivity of vegetables in 30 provinces and cities in China from 2011 to 2020. The main influencing factors were also determined using the super efficiency SBM-ML model, spatial dislocation index, and principal component analysis. The research results found that: 1) From 2011 to 2020, the overall green total factor productivity of vegetables in China showed a downward trend from 1.023 1 to 0.741 4. There was a decrease in the coordination between vegetable production and sustainable development of the ecological environment, and the decline of technical efficiency and technological retrogression have dragged down the improvement of green total factor productivity of vegetables. 2) The green total factor productivity of vegetables was found in the spatial distribution of "high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north". The highest green total factor productivity of vegetables was observed in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, whereas, the lowest was in the northwest of China. The difference was mainly attributed to the factors such as water and soil resources, as well as the market demand scale. 3) The spatial mismatch between the green total factor productivity and technological efficiency of vegetables in China from 2011 to 2020 showed a trend of "positive mismatch to negative mismatch" from the north to the south, with a low mismatch of the overall trend. Large-scale vegetable cultivation was found in the northeast and central areas with flat terrain and agricultural conditions. The spatial mismatch between the green total factor productivity of vegetables and technological progress in China from 2011 to 2020 showed a significant "positive in the east and negative in the west" spatial distribution, and the degree of spatial mismatch was significant, with the number of negative misalignment provinces increasing from 13 to 17. The investment was neglected in green production, due to the excessive pursuit of economic benefits in the vegetable industry. 4) The level of economic development, resource and environmental endowments, and transportation accessibility are the main factors affecting the changes in green total factor productivity of vegetables in Chinese provinces. Among them, economic factors such as urbanization rate and per capita disposable income have the most significant impact on green total factor productivity of vegetables. The research results can accurately grasp the current situation of green production of vegetables at the present stage, and provide reference for the green transformation and development of agriculture to a certain extent.