黑土区坡耕地水土保持耕作措施对土壤理化性状的影响

为探寻黑土区坡耕地不同水土保持耕作措施对土壤理化性状的影响机理，开展了田间小区试验。设置横坡耕作（TP）、垄向区田（RF）、深松（SF）、横坡耕作+垄向区田（TP-R）、横坡耕作+深松（TP-S）、垄向区田+深松（RF-S）3种水土保持耕作措施及3种组合耕作措施，并以常规顺坡耕作（CK）为对照，分析了土壤孔隙度、土壤机械组成、水稳性土壤团聚体稳定性、土壤养分含量等指标，并采用TOPSIS模型对不同水土保持耕作措施进行了综合评价，筛选了土壤稳定性强且蓄水保肥效果良好的水土保持耕作措施。结果表明：在玉米的全生育期内，深松、垄向区田、横坡耕作均能提高土壤体积含水率。TP-S处理体积含水率最大，0~40cm土层平均体积含水率较CK处理增加29.47%；RF-S处理平均孔隙度最大，TP-S处理次之，平均孔隙度较CK处理分别增大10.68%、9.25%；TP-S处理能够显著提高土壤稳定性，其中平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和大团聚体含量（R0.25）较CK处理分别增加12.30%、19.57%、13.97%；TP-S处理能够改善土壤机械组成，TP-S处理粗砂粒、粉粒、黏粒含量较CK处理增加15.40%、26.89%、1.90%，细砂粒含量较CK处理降低31.56%；TP-S处理IN（无机态氮）、AP（有效磷）、AK（速效钾）含量最高，较CK处理IN、AP、AK含量分别增加42.81%~55.32%、39.69%~40.68%、20.41%~25.45%。由TOPSIS模型综合评价结果可知，TP-S处理贴合度最高，土壤结构更稳定，且蓄水保肥效果更好，为适宜该地区的水土保持耕作措施。

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region

In order to explore the effects of different soil and water conservation tillage measures on soil physical and chemical properties in sloping farmland, a field experiment was carried out. Setting transverse tillage (TP), ridge field (RF), deep loosening (SF), transverse tillage + ridge field (TP-R), transverse tillage + deep loosening (TP-S), and ridge field + deep loosening (RF-S) three soil and water conservation tillage measures and three combined tillage measures, and conventional down-slope tillage (CK) as a control. The soil porosity, soil mechanical composition, water stability, soil aggregate stability, soil nutrients and other indicators were analyzed, and the TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate different soil and water conservation farming measures, and the soil stability and water storage and fertilizer conservation were selected. The effective soil and water conservation practices in farming were investigated. The results showed that during the whole growth period of maize, deep loosening tillage, ridge field and transverse tillage could all increase the soil volume moisture content. The TP-S treatment had the highest volumetric moisture content, and the average volumetric moisture content of the 0~40cm soil layer was increased by 29.47% compared with that of the CK treatment. RF-S treatment had the largest average porosity, followed by TP-S treatment, and the average porosity was increased by 10.68% and 9.25% in turn compared with that of CK treatment. TP-S treatment could significantly improve soil stability, among which the mean mass diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and macroaggregate content (R0.25) were increased by 12.30%, 19.57% and 13.97% respectively compared with that of CK treatment. TP-S treatment could improve soil mechanical composition, the content of coarse sand, powder, and clay particles in TP-S treatment was 15.40%, 26.89% and 1.90% higher than that of CK treatment, the content of fine sand was 31.56% lower than that of CK treatment; the content of IN (inorganic nitrogen), AP (available phosphorus) and AK (available potassium) in TP-S treatment was the highest, compared with that of CK treatment, the content of IN, AP and AK was increased by 42.81%~55.32%, 39.69%~40.68% and 20.41%~25.45%, respectively. According to the comprehensive evaluation results of the TOPSIS model, the TP-S treatment had the highest degree of fit, more stable soil structure, and better water storage and fertilizer conservation effects, which was a suitable soil and water conservation farming measure in this area.