部分美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

为了比较美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性,选用55对SSR引物对引自美国的67份小麦品种及我国黄淮麦区推广面积较大的17个品种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,67份美国小麦品种共检测到443个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～24个,平均每个位点8.10个,各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.11～0.92,平均为0.59;黄淮麦区小麦品种共检测到266个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～9个,平均每个位点4.82个,PIC变幅为0.10～0.84,平均为0.55。67个美国小麦品种A、B、D三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(8.60)>D(7.88)>A(7.63)和B(0.62)>A(0.58)>D(0.56);黄淮麦区17个小麦品种三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(5.30)>A(5.10)>D(3.94)和B(0.58)>A(0.57)>D(0.48)。聚类分析结果表明,55对SSR引物能将84份材料区分开来,并分为六大类,15个国内小麦品种被聚为一类,中国春自成一类,其余材料被聚为四类。由此可知,美国小麦品种的遗传多样性较高,与黄淮麦区小麦品种的遗传差异较大。

Analysis on the Genetic Diversity between Part of Wheat Accessions from America and Huang-huai Area

Fifty-five SSR primers which were located on different wheat chromosome arms were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 67 wheat accessions introduced from America and 17 accessions from Huang-huai area as contrasts. The results showed that there were 443 allele variations detected in the American wheat accessions, with allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 24 and a mean allele number of 8.10. The polymorphic information content (PIC) for all American wheat accessions ranged from 0.11 to 0.92, with an average of 0.59. While there were 266 allele variations identified in wheat accessions from Huang-huai area, with allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 9 and a mean allele number of 4.84, and the PIC value for the Huang-huai area wheat accessions ranged from 0.10 to 0.84, with an average of 0.55. The mean PIC value of American wheat accessions for B genome (0.62) was the highest compared to 0.58 and 0.56 for the A and D genome, respectively; and similar results were also observed for wheat accessions from Huang-huai area.Clustering analysis showed that the 84 accessions could be classified into six groups and the 15 wheat accessions from Huang-huai area were in the same group, Chinese Spring was in a group by itself. The American wheat accessions were classified into four groups. The results suggest that the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from America are higher than that from Huang-huai area.