小麦不同杂交方式及不同世代材料HMW-GS组成的分析

为给小麦品质育种提供参考,利用SDS-PAGE对亲本高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成不同的9个杂交组合的F4～F6代919个株系的HMW-GS进行检测与分析,并在产量性状的基础上对导入优质亚基的品系进行籽粒品质分析。结果表明,不同组合材料在单交、回交和三交组合中均检测到优质HMW-GS的存在,但各优质亚基组合出现的比例不同,在以郑麦366为亲本的5个杂交组合中,优质亚基的导入率都较高,最高达54.8%,可见优质亚基的导入与亲本的遗传背景有较大关系。除此之外,检测世代也有较大的影响,在11个优质亚基组合中,比例最小的两个(5.0%和1.4%)均出现在F6代。为了避免优质亚基在选择过程中丢失,在产量性状的基础上于F4、F5代进行SDS-PAGE检测较为理想。在组合西农979×(郑麦366×荔高6号)中,F5代检测到含有1,14+15,5+10亚基的株系在产量和品质性状方面都表现较好,已参加区域试验,有望成为优质高产小麦新品种。同时还讨论了小麦优质高产杂交组合组配及结合SDS-PAGE技术进行高产优质品系决选的策略。

HMW-GS Composition Analysis of the Descendants inDifferent Patterns of Crossing Combinations of Wheat

In order to study the role of SDS-PAGE technology in assistant selection in wheat quality breeding, SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis technology was used to detect and analyze the HMW-GS composition of 919 lines from nine crosses with parents differing in HMW-GS composition, and the quality characteristics of good lines with introduced superior gluten on were also investigated. The results showed that the superior gluten of different materials in all the three types of crosses (single cross, back cross and three way cross) could be detected, which indicated that the SDS-PAGE technology could be effectively applied to the superb subunits detection of wheat breeding progenies. The ratios of superior subunit combinations were different, among the five cross combinations with Zhengmai 366, the introduced ratios of good-quality gluten subunits were all higher, the highest reached 54.8%. This result showed that the introduced rates of good-quality gluten subunits had great relationship with genetic background of parents. And the ratios were also greatly affected by the generation of individuals. Among 11 good quality HMW-GS composition, the two smallest proportions (5.0% and 1.4%) were found in F₆. Thereby, to avoid loss of the lines with superior gluten on selection, HMW-GS detection in F₄ and F₅ combined with yield characters could be taken into consideration appropriately. For instance, in the cross of Xinong 979×(Zhengmai 366×Ligao 6), the lines with good gluten subunits (1, 14+15,5+10) detected in F5 showed good yield and quality characters, and had been in the wheat regional test with great potential to become a new variety of good quality and high yield in the future. Meanwhile, the decision strategy on variety (line) selection for the cross combinations of good quality and high yield should be combined with SDS-PAGE technology.