滴灌春小麦结实特性及产量对播种量和行位的响应

为探究北疆地区滴灌春小麦的适宜播量,以新春6号为材料,于2009-2010年以畦灌种植为对照(CK),设置300 kg·hm-2(M1)、375 kg·hm-2(M2)、450 kg·hm-2(M3)、525 kg·hm-2(M4)、600kg·hm-2(M5)5个不同播量滴灌处理,分析了不同播量条件下滴灌春小麦结实特性及产量对种植行位的响应。结果表明,随播量增加,滴灌春小麦产量呈先升后降趋势,播量间差异显著,其中M3产量最高,比CK增产29.3%。M2、M3、M4和M5的穗粒数及穗粒重均表现为近行显著大于远行,行位效应明显,其中M3近行的穗粒数和穗粒重分别比远行高出18.0%和35.3%;最大结实数和小穗重在播量间差异显著。总体上,播量为450 kg·hm-2时,能有效调控滴灌小麦结实对行位的响应,充分发挥其高产潜力。

Response of Planting Row Position on Seed-Setting Trait and Yield of Drip Irrigated Spring Wheat under Different Sowing Rates

To explore the proper planting density and the response of planting row position on seed-setting trait and yield component of drip irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Northern Xinjiang, a study of 5 sowing rates was conducted on the experimental station of Shihezi university in the year of 2009-2010 using wheat cultivar Xinchun 6. The sowing rates were 300 kg·hm^-2 (M1), 375 kg·hm^-2 (M2), 450 kg·hm^-2 (M3), 525 kg·hm^-2 (M4) and 600 kg·hm^-2 (M5) with drip irrigation, using 450 kg·hm^-2 with border irrigation as control. Results showed that, wheat yield increased first and then decreased with an increasing planting density. There were significant differences between sowing rates. When the sowing rate was 450 kg·hm^-2 (M3), the highest yield was obtained, which was 43.4%, 20.0%, 6.4% and 5.9% higher than M1, M2, M4 and M5, respectively. And the yield of M3 was significantly higher by 29.3% than that of CK which was with border irrigation. Grain number and its weight per ear of M2, M3, M4 and M5 of the near rows were significant larger than that of the far rows. And they showed the effect of row position obviously. The grain number and its weight per ear in near row of M3 were 18.0%, 35.3% higher than these in far row, respectively. Grain number and its weight of different spikelet positions showed a parabolic change. The sowing rate had significant effect on maximum grain numbers and spikelet weight. And seed-setting traits of ear also had the effect of spikelet position obviously. In conclusion, the response of row position were effectively regulated on the seed-setting trait, and the high yield potential of drip irrigated spring wheat was fully improved while sowing rate was 450 kg·hm^-2.