小陇山不同经营措施下次生锐齿栎天然林物种多样性研究

采用固定样地和样方法调查了小陇山林区百花林场3个实施不同经营措施的锐齿栎天然林林分特征和物种组成,运用4种常用的物种多样性指数对调查林分的乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种多样性进行对比分析,结果表明:3种类型锐齿天然林的灌木层相对于其乔木层和草本物种组成丰富,多样性高；长期封育后的锐齿栎天然林群落在3种天然林类型中物种组成最丰富,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Margalef指数值在3个林分中最高；近自然技术单株经营后的锐齿栎天然林各层次的物种组成相对较少,多样性较低,但其林分中保留的乔木树种个体较大；结构优化抚育后的锐齿栎天然林的物种组成和多样性介于二者之间.抚育经营措施对林分的影响与抚育经营强度密切相关,适当的抚育经营强度能够促进林分多样性提高,否则会带来不利的影响,结构化森林经营技术是一种有效的经营方法.

Species Diversity of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Natural Forest with Different Management Measures at Xiaolongshan

The characteristics and species composition of three Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest with different management measures were investigated by using fixed plots and sampling methods in Baihua Forest Farm at Xiaolongshan. Four forest species diversity indexes were introduced to compare the species diversity of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. The results showed that both the species composition and species diversity of shrub layer of all the three Q. aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest were rich and higher than that of tree layer and herb layer. In long-time closed Q. aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest, the species composition was abundance and the values of Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Margalef index were the highest. The species composition and species diversity of different forest layer of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest with tending operation by near natural management were lower, however, the retained individual trees were larger in stand. The species composition and diversity of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest with tending operation by structural optimization management were moderate compared with other kind of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata natural forest.