普洱茶(熟茶)发酵过程中不同堆层主要生化成分的变化

选取云南普洱茶主产区临沧的晒青茶原料,在其进行大生产加工过程中取样,参照国标检测项目及分析测定方法,系统地研究在普洱茶(熟茶)后发酵过程中各堆层的主要生化指标的变化,从而探究后发酵工艺条件对普洱茶(熟茶)主要物质变化的影响。结果表明:普洱茶(熟茶)的后发酵过程中,茶坯的水浸出物、茶多酚、水溶性糖、茶黄素、茶红素、氨基酸、原果胶的含量均减少,其中氨基酸、原果胶的含量变化呈波动状态;茶褐素、咖啡碱和水溶性果胶的含量则增加,其中水溶性果胶的含量变化呈波动状态;茶红素含量减少较明显,而茶褐素、水溶性果胶含量则增加较明显。从不同层次来看,上层茶坯的水浸出物、茶多酚、水溶性糖、咖啡碱、茶红素、茶褐素、水溶性果胶的含量变化幅度较大,中层茶坯的堆温、氨基酸、茶黄素、水溶性果胶含量变化幅度较大,下层茶坯的氨基酸、原果胶含量变化幅度较大。通过对不同发酵阶段及不同层次发酵情况的研究,可以增加对普洱茶(熟茶)的后发酵过程物质变化的可控程度,为进一步研究开发普洱茶(熟茶)深加工产品提供部分实验基础。

Changes in Major Biochemical Compositions of Puer Tea during Fermentation Process

In this article,the changes in the main biochemical compositions of Puer tea from Lincang of Yunnan province during its post-fermentation process were systematically studied.The results showed that in the process of post-fermentation of Puer tea,the contents of water extract,tea polyphenols,water-soluble sugar,theaflavin,thearubigins,amino acid and protopectin in the refined baked green tea were all decreased,while the contents of theabrownins,theine and water-soluble pectin were all increased.The water extract,tea polyphenols,water-soluble sugar,theine,thearubigins,theabrownins and water-soluble pectin content in the upper layer had greater changes,the temperature,amino acid content,theaflavin content and water-soluble pectin content in the middle layer had greater changes,while the contents of amino acid and protopectin in the underlayer changed greatly.