钙素营养与套袋苹果苦痘病的关系

为了探讨苹果套袋后苦痘病加重的原因,以富士苹果为试材,对果实发育过程中钙、氮含量的变化规律,果实幼果期和成熟期钙总量,套袋后果实微环境湿度变化及不同有机质果园苦痘病发生率进行了测定。结果表明,未套袋苹果果实在幼果期吸收钙量占成熟果实总钙量30%左右,后期占70%左右,套袋影响了果实对钙的吸收;套袋使袋内湿度增加,果实表面蒸腾作用降低,使果实对钙的吸收受到影响;同时套袋果氮含量一直高于未套袋果,N/Ca增大,促成了苦痘病的发生。增加果园有机质含量,可以改善根际钙离子供应,降低苦痘病的发生。

Study on the relationship between calcium nutrition and bitter pit in bagged apples

The bagged fruit of Fuji apple cultivar were used to study the relationship between the occurrence of bitter pit and the content of calcium and nitrogen in fruit. The changes of the content of calcium and nitrogen in the bagged young and mature fruit, the humidity in the bag and the incidence rate of bitter pit were examined regularly. Results showed that for non-bagged fruits,calcium absorption of young fruit accounted for 30% of the total fruit calcium content, and calcium absorption in late fruit development accounted for 70% of total fruit calcium content. Fruit bagging increased the humidity in the bag and reduced fruit transpiration, deceased calcium absorption. Meanwhile, nitrogen content in bagged fruit was consistently higher than that of non-bagged fruit, and N/Ca of bagged fruit was increased. Due to the mentioned factors the occurrence of bitter pit was induced. Applying organic substances to the soil in the apple orchards could improve the provision of Ca2 in root zone and reduce the incidence rate of bitter pit.