农牧交错区保护性耕作小麦田间杂草发生规律及控制技术

农牧交错区保护性耕作小麦田间发生杂草30余种,杂草发生密度较传统耕作增高31.8%~42.6%,杂草发生频度增加13.3%~31.6%,2年生及多年生杂草发生程度日益严重。杂草普查(踏查和定点观察法),在借鉴加拿大保护性专家的成熟技术的基础上,进行化学除草(播后苗前、生长季、收获后)、机械除草(播前、苗期)、人工除草、农业轮作等除草试验研究。结果表明:化学除草在苗期茎叶喷雾用2,4-D丁酯、二甲四氯、护麦、骠马,抑阔宁+骠马、护麦+阔莠克、2,4-D丁酯+骠马除草配伍组合效果比较好,收获后用草甘膦进行秋季灭草效果比较好;机械除草用浅旋+中耕除草效果比较好;机械与化学相结合用浅旋+化学除草及综合除草效果比较好。

Occurrence Regularity and Control Technique of Weed in the Protectively Cultivated Wheat Field in Transitional Areas of Farming and Pasturing

It was found through weed survey(weed reconnaissance and fixed-spot observation) that there were about 30 species of weed growing in the protectively cultivated wheat field in transitional areas of farming and pasturing and the weed damage was severe.The weeding experiments were conducted by agronomic measures such as chemical weeding(before seedling emergence after sowing,in growth season and after harvest),mechanical weeding(before sowing,in seedling stage),manual weeding and agricultural crop rotation.The results showed that the effects of chemical weeding with 2,4-D butyl ester,MCPA,Humai,Piaoma,combinations of Yikuoning Piaoma,Humai Kuoxiuke and 2,4-D butyl ester Piaoma,sprayed on the stems and leaves in seedling stage were better.The weed killing effect after harvest in autumn of glyphosate was better,that of mechanical weeding by shallow rotation middle tillage weeding and that of the combination of mechanical and chemical weeding by shallow rotation chemical weeding and comprehensive weeding were all better.