黑龙江省大庆市土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力分析

为探讨资源型城市土地利用/覆被变化的驱动力,该文以黑龙江省大庆地区为研究对象,基于该研究区1978、1988、1992、1996、2001年5个时段的MSS和TM影像数据,获取20余年不同时期的土地利用信息,以GIS技术为数据集成分析平台,采用单一动态度、土地利用转移矩阵模型,定量刻画该研究区土地利用/覆被动态变化过程,并结合大庆地区发展实际,归纳总结出其土地利用/覆被变化的驱动因子.利用主成分分析和多元回归分析模型,分析了大庆地区五类主要土地利用/覆被类型变化的驱动机制.结果表明,大庆地区草地面积变化主要由该地区总人口、第二产业比值和天然气产量所决定;耕地面积变化主要由单位油井产油量、农村机械总动力决定;盐碱地和沙地面积变化主要由单位油井产量和工业产值决定;湿地面积变化主要由人口的快速增长和工业的快速发展决定的;而建筑用地面积变化主要由人口的增长以及油田建设用地增加所决定.总之,大庆地区土地利用/覆被类型的变化主要是石油资源的开发与利用驱动的.

The process of land-use and land-cover changes and analysis of its driving forces in Daqing,northeast China.

In this paper,we studied the temporal-spatial changes of land-use/cover from 1978 to 2001 and its driving forces in the city of Daqing,based on the multi-spectral scanner(MSS) and thematic mapper(TM) images of remote sensing(RS) in the years of 1978,1988,1992,1996 and 2001.In order to explain the temporalspatial change process of land-use/cover,we make the statistic analysis on the single dynamic degree and transfer probability matrix of the components of the landscape using the ARCGIS platform through the overlay analysis of different landscape components.Then using principal components analysis and multiple regression analysis,we analyze the major driving forces of five types of land use/cover in Daqing.The results illustrate that the change of the grassland is driven by the total local population,the proportion of second industry and the production of natural gas.The change of cultivated-land mainly arises from the production of oil wells and the village mechanical gross power.Saline land change is mainly decided by the unit oil well output and the industry output value.Wetland change is mainly the growth of the population and the development of industry.The growth of population and the oil field construction land are the driving forces of the increase of the construction land.Collectively,oil exploitation was the main driving force of land-use and land-cover change in the city of Daqing.