5种中草药的不同溶剂提取物对嗜水气单胞菌抑菌活性的研究

为探讨不同有机溶剂对常用中草药的提取效果及其提取物对水产常见病原菌的抑菌活性，以50%乙醇、无水乙醇、氯仿、甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和石油醚为提取溶剂，根据水浴旋转蒸发器回流提取工作原理，分别对五倍子、乌梅、诃子、大黄和五味子等5种中草药进行固液萃取，并用其提取物对水产高致病性病原菌嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）进行体外抑杀菌试验。结果表明：50%乙醇、无水乙醇、甲醇对5种中草药的提取效果优于其他4种溶剂，尤以甲醇的提取效果最佳，其提取率分别为五倍子46.09%、乌梅27.58%、诃子29.55%、大黄50.34%、五味子30.88%;提取效果最差的是石油醚，其提取率分别为五倍子1.98%、乌梅1.73%、诃子2.21%、大黄0.89%、五味子3.40%。体外抑菌试验结果显示，嗜水气单胞菌对五倍子的3种醇提物均表现为极度敏感，对大黄的甲醇提取物表现为高度敏感，对五倍子、大黄和五味子的氯仿提取物以及对乌梅、大黄和五味子的石油醚提取物呈低度敏感，对五倍子的丙酮提取物等共25种提取物表现为中度敏感；五倍子、大黄的醇提物对供试菌的抑杀菌效果明显优于其他3种中草药的任何一种...

Study on antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts from five Chinese herbal medicines against Aeromonas hydrophila

In order to explore the extraction effects of different organic solvents on common Chinese herbal medicines and the antibacterial activity of the extracts against common aquatic pathogens,50% ethanol,anhydrous ethanol,chloroform,methanol,acetone,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether were used as extraction solvents,according to the working principle of the reflux extraction of the water bath rotary evaporator,the solid-liquid extraction of gallnut,dark plum,medicine terminalia fruit,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Schisandra chinensis was carried out,and the antibacterial test of the extracts against the highly pathogenic aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila was carried out in vitro.The results showed that the extraction efficiency of 50% ethanol,anhydrous ethanol and methanol was better than the other four solvents,especially the extraction efficiency of methanol was the highest,which was 46.09% of gallnut,27.58% of dark plum,29.55% of medicine terminalia fruit,50.34% of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and 30.88% of S. chinensis,respectively.The worst extraction effect was petroleum ether,with the extraction rate of gallnut 1.98%,dark plum 1.73%,medicine terminalia fruit 2.21%,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 0.89% and S. chinensis 3.40%.The antibacterial effect in vitro showed that A. hydrophila was extremely sensitive to the extraction of gallnut with 50% ethanol,absolute ethanol and methanol,highly sensitive to the methanol extract of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,low sensitivity to chloroform extract of gallnut,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and S.chinensis as well as the petroleum ether extract of dark plum,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and S.chinensis,and moderately sensitive to 25 extracts of gallnut with acetone.The antibacterial effect of using 50% ethanol,absolute ethanol and methanol to extract gallnut and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were significantly better than any solvent extract of other three Chinese herbal medicines,especially the methanol extract of gallnut had the best antibacterial effect,followed by the methanol extract of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma methanol extract.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of gallnut methanol extract and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma methanol extract for A. hydrophila with a concentration of 1×10⁶ cfu/mL were 1.56 mg/mL,1.56 mg/mL,and MBC were 1.56 mg/mL,3.13 mg/mL,respectively.