北极狐骨骼的比较解剖研究

对北极狐骨骼系统进行解训观察,同时与革食动物马、牛及杂食动物猪的骨骼作形态学上的比较。由于生活习性所致,北极狐骨骼形态结构具有如下特征:北极狐的骨骼由头骨、躯干骨和四肢骨组成。头骨的主要特征是:枕骨的颈交不发达,眶上突不与颧弓相连,无眶上孔;颞骨岩部形成半球形鼓泡,鼻骨与颌前骨的鼻突之间不形成鼻颌切迹;泪骨几乎无颜面部;颌前骨的鼻突发达;上颌骨外面无面嵴;腭骨发达;犁骨腹缘后部不与鼻腔底壁接触;下颌骨支下缘无血管切迹、垂直部后下方有一角突。四肢骨的主要特征是:肩胛岗下端形成肩峰;臂骨未见三角肌结节和圆肌结节;尺骨比桡骨细长;腕骨7块;掌骨5块;指骨5指;左右髋骨几乎平行排列,坐骨弓宽平,荐结节高出荐骨;股骨有发达的大转子和较发达的小转子,缺第三转子;腓骨与胫骨等长;跗骨7块;躯干骨由7个颈椎、13个胸椎、7个腰椎、3个荐椎、15—17个尾椎组成;肋骨13对;胸骨由8个长柱状的胸骨节片和剑状软骨构成。

Comparative Anatomical Studies on the Skeleton of Arctic Foxes

The skeleton of a arctic fox consists of skull, trunk and limbs bones. The characteristics of skull bones are; underdevelopment of paramostoid process of the occipital bone; unjointing of zygomatic process from its arch with no supraorbital foramen; formation of semiglobal structure by petrous temporal bone;no naso -maxillary notch between nasal bone and nasal process of premaxilla; unobvious facial surface of lacrimal bones;well-developed nasal process of premaxilla; no facial crest of maxillae's exterior; well - developed palatine bone; no contact of hinder vential part of vomer with the lower wall of nasal cavity;no vasonotch of mandibular branches in the lower side with an angular process located in the rear lower -end of the perpendicular part. Features of the limb bones are as follows; formation of acromion in the lower end of spine of the scapula; no deltoid and teres tuberosity of arm bone; thinner and longer ulna than radius; with 7,5, and 5 pieces of caspal, metacarpal and digital bones respectively; parallel arrangement of hipbones with wide and flat arches ischiadicus and higher tuber hacrale over sacrum; well-developed major trochanter and relatively developed minor trochanter of a thigh bone devoid of third tro-chanter; with the same length of fibula as tibia; 7 pieces of tarsal bones. And trunk bones have such major special parts as 7 pieces of cervical vertebrae; 13 pieces of thoracic vertebrae; 7pieces of lumbar vertebrae; 3 pieces of sacral vertebrae; 15-17 pieces of coccygeal vertebrae.Breast bones are composed of 8 pieces of columnlike stemebrae and xiphoid process.