复合微生物菌肥对苹果再植病害调控及对根围土壤真菌群落结构的影响

 为研究复合微生物菌肥对再植苹果幼树的影响,从再植土壤酶活性、真菌群落结构和功能的方面分析,探究复合微生物菌肥的作用机理。本研究设置了KMM和对照CK两个处理,再植苹果树于春秋两次分别施用复合微生物菌肥(KMM)和有机肥(CK)。通过土壤常规农业化学分析法和Illumma MiSeq高通量测序技术,系统研究了两个处理再植苹果树的生长、根围土壤酶活性以及真菌群落结构和功能的变化。试验结果表明,施用复合微生物菌肥显著提高了再植苹果幼树株高、干径、叶绿素、分枝个数和分枝长度;提高再植土壤酶活性(中性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶);降低再植土壤真菌群落丰富度,改变真菌群落结构。相对丰度高于1%的优势真菌属中有21个菌属与再植果树的5项生长参数具有相关性,并且在不同分类水平上具有一定的差异,缝壳菌属(Lophiostoma)、织球壳菌属(Plectosphaerella)、赤壳菌属(Nectria)和维希尼克氏属(Vishniacozyma)显著增加,丝孢菌属(Anguillospora)和假丝酵母菌属(Pseudeurotium) 显著降低。通过对测序片段功能水平的分析,在二级功能水平上显著降低了真菌群落氨基酸、核苷和核苷酸的生物合成、电子转移、发酵、呼吸、CTP生物合成嘧啶脱氧核糖核酸功能序列的丰度值,共6种功能类群均与土壤酶活性呈负相关。施用复合微生物菌肥,改变了真菌群落结构,减弱真菌群落相关代谢的功能,提高土壤酶活性,促进再植苹果幼树的生长。

Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on apple replanted diseases and fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil

To study the effects of compound microbial fertilizer on replanted apple trees, the mechanisms of compound microbial fertilizer were explored based on the enzyme activity, structure and function of fungi community from the rhizosphere soil. In this study, the replanted apple trees were applied with Kimidori microbial manure (KMM) and organic fertilizer control (CK) in spring and autumn. The growth of apple trees, changes of enzyme activities as well as structure and function of the fungal community in rhizosphere soil from replanted apple trees were studied systematically by agrochemical analysis of soil and high-throughput sequencing of Illumina MiSeq. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll, branch number, and branch length of replanted apple saplings applied with KMM were significantly increased compared with CK. Also soil enzyme activities (neutral phosphatase, urease, sucrase, and catalase) increased. However, soil fungal community richness was decreased and soil fungal community structure was also changed. There were 21 fungi genera with the relative abundance of the higher than 1% related with five growth parameters of replanted apple trees. The abundance of Lophistoma, Plectosphaerella, Nectria, and Vishniacozyma increased significantly, while Angullospora and Pseudeurotium decreased significantly. Based on the analysis of the function of the sequenced fragments, the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleosides, and nucleotides in the fungal community were significantly reduced after the application of KMM. Electron transfer, fermentation, respiration, and the relative abundance of functional sequences of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis by CTP were also reduced. The application of compound microbial fertilizer could change fungal community structure, increase soil enzyme activity, decrease the fungal community’s metabolic function, and promote the growth of replanted young apple trees.