蝴蝶兰种质资源与育种研究

现代分类研究将兰科蝴蝶兰属分为5个亚属63个种。种质资源的收集与保存是研究和育种的重要基础工作,已受到研究者的重视。蝴蝶兰无菌播种技术促进了杂交技术应用,迄今为止,仍是其新品种培育的重要途径,已培育近20万个杂交品种,可分为标准大花类、珍奇类、斑点花类、多花类及朵丽蝴蝶兰类5大类别。物理和化学诱变技术已应用于蝴蝶兰的育种,基因工程技术和分子标记技术在蝴蝶兰品种培育中所起的作用越来越大。株型改良、抗性提高和增加香味是未来蝴蝶兰育种的重要目标。

A Review on Studies of Phalaenopsis Germplasm Resources and Breeding

Phalaenopsis could be classified into 5 subgenus, 63 species in Orchidaceae by Modem classification researches. Collection and conservation of germplasm resources of Phalaenopsis have been stressed for its important role in cultivars and industry development. Hybrid breeding technology has been developed and applied in the breeding of Phalaenopsis cultivars with the success of aseptic seedling technique and so far, is still the most efficient breeding technique for this orchid. Nearly 200,000 hybrids cultivars have been registered categorizing into 5 groups Standard big flower, Novelty, Spotted flowers, Floribunda flower and Doritaenopsis. Mutation physically and chemically techniques has been reported in the breeding of Phalaenopsis. More and more genetic transformation and biology techniques such as molecular marker are exploited in the breeding and research of Phalaenopsis. Plant type, disease and abiotic resistance, flavor could be the important goals for Phalaenopsis breeding in future.