耕作及残茬管理对作物产量及土壤性状的影响

在河北低平原的壤质潮土上进行了保护耕作长期定位裂区试验 ,研究了深浅轮耕、浅耕、少耕、免耕以及残茬管理对作物产量及土壤性状的影响。结果表明 ,连续少耕和免耕处理的前 3年对作物产量没有影响 ,之后小麦产量显著降低 (最大降幅达到 31 83% ) ;连续免耕对玉米产量并没有明显影响 ;深耕并不增加作物产量 ;秸秆覆盖有时影响小麦生长 ;免耕处理的土壤有机质和全氮含量增加 ,但速效氮含量降低。

Effect of Tillage and Residue Management on Crop Yield and Soil Properties

A split-plot study on conservation tillage was conducted on a loamy soil in the low plain of Hebei province.The main treatment consisted of deep-shallow tillage,shallow tillage,minimum tillage and zero tillage.The sub-treatments were no residue return,chopped residue return and whole residue mulching.Result showed that the minimum tillage and zero tillage did not affect the crop yield in first 3 years.After then,the wheat yield was significantly reduced up to 31.83%.This reduction probably was the response to higher soil bulk density,low soil temperature,lack of available nutrients and weed problem.But continuous zero tillage did not affect the corn yield remarkably.Deep tillage did not increase the crop yield.Residue mulch sometimes limited the wheat growth.Zero tillage increased the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content but decreased the available nitrogen.