托桂型菊花花器性状杂种优势与混合遗传分析

以托桂型菊花品种‘QX-053’为母本，非托桂型菊花品种‘南农惊艳’为父本配制组合，调查F1代10个花器性状在2012和2013年的表型，运用单个分离世代的主基因 + 多基因混合遗传模型进行花器性状遗传分析。结果表明：10个花器性状均存在一定的杂种优势，除花径、舌状花数、舌状花长和管状花宽外，心花直径、舌状花宽、管状花数、管状花长、最深齿裂长和花柱长等6个性状的中亲优势值均达极显著水平。10个花器性状中，花径、心花直径、舌状花长、舌状花宽、管状花数、管状花长和花柱长均符合A-0模型，即无主基因控制，可能受环境影响比较大的多基因控制；而舌状花数、管状花宽、最深齿裂长符合B-1模型，即表现为加性-显性-上位性的两对主基因控制，主基因遗传率分别为93.85%、42.86%和52.00%。

Heterosis and Mixed Genetic Analysis of Inflorescence Traits of Anemone- typed Chrysanthemum

In the present study，inheritance pattern of inflorescence traits of anemone-typed chrysanthemum was dissected by applying the single segregation analysis method of major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model，based on the two-year phenotypic data in 2012 and 2013 of the segregating F1 population derived from a cross between anemone-typed‘QX-053’and non-anemone-typed‘Nannong Jingyan’. The results suggested that of the 10 investigated inflorescence traits，the heterosis value of mid-parent for the six traits including center flower diameter，ray florets width，number of tubular florets，tubular florets length，longest lobe length and style length，compared with mid-parent value，showed a significant difference degree at 0.01 level. Mixed inheritance model analysis revealed that the seven floral traits，i.e.，flower diameter，center flower diameter，ray florets length，ray florets width，number of tubular florets，tubular florets length and style length were compatible with A-0 model showing no major genes，and therefore might be controlled by polygene subjected to environmental impacts；The other three floral traits including the number of ray florets，tubular florets width，longest lobe length werefitting the B-1 model controlled by two pairs of major genes with additive–dominance–epistatic effect，and the corresponding major gene heritability was 93.85%，42.86% and 52.00%，respectively.