农业基础设施投入对不同粮食作物产出的影响研究

农业基础设施被视为推进"藏粮于地"与"藏粮于技"战略的重要载体,研究农业基础设施投入对不同粮食作物产出的差异效应,有利于提高农业基础设施的投资效率,更好地保障国家粮食安全。基于农业基础设施对粮食产出影响的理论分析,以三大主粮作物的主产区域为研究对象,采用FGLS等计量方法,分析农业基础设施以及农田水利、农业电力、农村交通等三类主要基础设施对三大主粮作物的产出效应差异。实证结果表明:整体上,农业基础设施对水稻与小麦两种作物产出有显著的正向影响,影响系数分别为0.052 3和0.110 8;农业基础设施对玉米作物产出则不明显。细分农业基础设施的类型来看,农田水利设施对水稻与玉米两种作物产出有显著的正向影响,影响系数分别为0.673 4和0.288 0;农业电力设施对小麦产出有显著的正向影响,影响系数为0.066 0。因此,提出农业基础设施建设资金要向水稻与小麦主产区域倾斜;要因地制宜推进农业基础设施建设,在水稻和玉米主产区域加强农田水利设施建设,在小麦主产区域加强农业电力设施建设等政策建议。

The impacts of agricultural infrastructure investment on the outputs of some main grain crops

Agricultural infrastructure is the most essential input to promote the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology. Examining the impacts of agricultural infrastructure investment on grain outputs can help to increase the investment efficiency of agricultural infrastructure and to enhance the national grain security. Applying the FGLS measurement method, this study investigated the impacts of the investment on three types of main agricultural infrastructure (farmland water conservancy, agricultural power, and rural transportation) on the output of three major crops (rice, wheat, and corn). Empirical results show that: in general, investment on agricultural infrastructure has some significant positive impacts on the outputs of rice and wheat, with influence coefficients of 0.052 3 and 0.110 8, respectively. Investment on agricultural infrastructure is less effective for corn. For the specific types of agricultural infrastructure, irrigation facilities have a significant positive impact on the outputs of rice and corn, with influence coefficients of 0.673 4 and 0.288 0, respectively. Agricultural power facilities have some significant positive effects on wheat output, and the influence coefficient is 0.066 0. Therefore, this paper suggests that the government and other stakeholders should fully support the development of agricultural infrastructure mainly in main rice and wheat production areas. Promoting the development of agricultural infrastructure should be based on local conditions. Particularly, the development of water conservancy facilities and agricultural power facilities should gain better attention in rice and corn production areas, respectively.