湟水流域农业面源污染现状及对策

湟水流域是青海省人口最集中的多民族聚集区，是青海省重要的工业区和农业区，是西部大开发战略的重要基地，在青海经济发展中起着龙头和中心作用，所以其水土环境状况也备受瞩目。该文通过分析湟水流域水质现状、农药化肥情况和畜禽养殖情况，得出湟水流域农业面源污染产生的原因:一是由化肥农药的过量施用，二是由于畜禽非正规养殖规模大。提出了减少农药化肥施用量、推广测土配方施肥、设计合理有效的灌溉定额和灌溉制度、畜禽养殖的粪尿通过处理后再排放等措施减少了农业面源污染的发生。 

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Huangshui River Basin

Huangshui River Basin was most concentrated multi-ethnic gathering area in Qinghai province.It was an important industrial and agricultural area in Qinghai province，an important base for the development of western region and plays a leading and central role in Qinghai′s economic development.However，environmental situation had also attracted much attention.After control of point source pollution in basin remarkable results were achiered，non-point source pollution had been paid more and more attention.Water and soil environment in Huangshui River Basin，especially water quality status of the Huangshui River Basin，situation of pesticides and fertilizers and situation of livestock and poultry breeding were analyzed.Finally，it proposed to reduce application amount of pesticides and fertilizers，promote soil testing and formula fertilization，and design reasonable and effective irrigation quotas and irrigation systems，excrement of livestock and poultry farming，and other measures to reduce occurrence of agricultural non-point source pollution.