干旱区绿洲农业人口、资源与环境协调发展研究——以新疆维吾尔自治区新和县为例

绿洲是干旱区、半干旱区特有的景观形态,由于其特殊的地理位置和气候特征,人口、资源与环境的矛盾日益突出,生态环境非常脆弱。本文选取新疆较有代表性的新和绿洲为例,在分析、评价其生态环境的基础上,依据以水定地、以林护田、草田轮作与以草定畜、满足社会需求与经济效益最大等原则,采用线性规划方法,对新和县绿洲农业生态系统进行了优化分析,形成了三套方案,试图寻求干旱区绿洲农业人口、资源与环境的协调发展。最后,通过综合比较,选择提出了方案Ι作为最优方案,并对新和绿洲农业发展提出了具体建议。

Integrated Development of Oasis Agricultural Population, Resources and Environment in Arid Area of Xinhe County, Xinjiang

Oasis is the specific landscape in arid,semi-arid area.For its special geographical location and the climatic characters, the conflicts among population,resources and environment are increasinglyevident,and theeco-environment is extremely weak.This research chose Xinhe County as a case study,on the base of ecological environment analyses and evaluation,some principles as caltivating the land ouording water,protecting field by forest,rotating crop with grass and raising livestockaccording grass land should be taken to meet the social requirementand achieve maximum economic benefit.Adopting linear programmingmethod,the agro-ecosystems of Xinhe Oasis were optimized and analyzed,three schemes were gotten for trying to get a integrated development of population,resources and environment in the arid area.According to the integrated comparison,scheme Ι was choosed as the optimum scheme,and on the base of scheme Ι,somespecific countermeasures were put forward to develope the Xinhe oasis agriculture.