果园套种牧草地上生物量的动态变化及其对土壤肥力的影响

以菊苣（Cichorium intybus）、黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）、鸡脚草（Dactylis glomerata）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）、4个紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）品种（Hunter Rive、Overseason、WL525HQ、Eureka）和3个白三叶（Trifolium repens）品种（Haifa、Rivenda、Koala）为对象，研究了其地上部分生物量的动态变化以及种植牧草后土壤养分的变化，为果园套种牧草选择适宜的种类。结果表明，菊苣、黑麦草、Hunter Rive和Haifa 4个牧草具有较高的草产量，黑麦草草产量主要集中在3月，Hunter Rive和Haifa以6月份的草产量较高，菊苣各月草产量较为平均，此4种牧草搭配，可满足家畜不同时期和牧草营养多样化的需求。种植牧草后的土壤中水解性氮和有机质的含量明显提高，土壤酸度降低，有利于促进果树生长。

Aboveground biomass of intercropping forages in orchard and its effect on soil fertility

Eleven kinds of forage plants,including Cichorium intybus,Lolium multiflorum,Dactylis glomerata,Festuca arundinacea,four alfalfa varieties(Hunter River,Overseason,WL525HQ,Eureka) and three white clover varieties(Haifa,Rivenda,koala) were intercropped in pear orchard to monitor the aboveground biomass change of forages and investigate the effect of intercropping forages on soil fertility for selecting the suitable forage plants.The results of this study showed that C.intybus,L.multiflorum,Hunter Rive and Haifa had a higher yield and their fresh yield were more than 30 000 kg/ha and dry yield more than 4000 kg/ha.The highest yield of L.multiflorum was found in March,while the yield of Hunter River and Haifa were highest in June,and the yield of C.intybus was similar between March and June,and these four forages intercropping in pear orchard together provided the rational nutrition supplies for livestock.The intercropping forages in pear orchard greatly increased the soil pH value,organic matter content and hydrolytic N at 0-20 cm soil layer,which would encourage pear trees to grow well.