细菌耐药性的产生机理及其控制对策

随着抗菌药的广泛应用,细菌的耐药性越来越高,给临床治疗带来诸多困难,因此了解细菌耐药性的产生机理具有重要意义。抗菌药主要以细菌4个必要的细胞内途径为靶位,包括细胞壁的合成、蛋白质的合成、核酸(DNA或RNA)的合成以及细菌的代谢过程。细菌耐药性产生包括生化机理和基因机理,重要的生化机理包括抗菌药破坏酶的产生、靶位的改变和主动外排系统的出现。细菌耐药性的基因机理主要包括基因的突变和外源抗性基因的获得。近年来,喹诺酮类药物耐药性机理成为了研究的热点,并且已经证明由质粒pMG252介导的耐药性具有重要的意义。

The Mechanism of Bacterial Drug-resistance and Control Methods

As the wide use of antibiotics,the phenomenon of bacterial drug-resistance has become more and more important,and brought great trouble for clinical treatment.So it is necessary to understand the mechanism of bacterial drug-resistance.Antibiotics target four essential cellular processes of bacteria,including cell wall synthesis,protein synthesis,nucleic acid(DNA or RNA) synthesis and metabolism process.The mechanism of bacterial drug-resistance mainly consists of biochemical mechanism and gene mechanism.The production of drug destroying enzymes,the alternation of the drug targets and the active efflux system are all important biochemical mechanisms.The gene mechanism can usually be seen as the gene mutations and the acquirement of drug-resistance gene.In recent years,the study of the mechanisms of resistance to quinolones has become a hot issue,and it is proved that the pMG252 mediated-resistance to quinolones serves as an important mechanism.