宁麦9号对其衍生品种的遗传贡献

宁麦9号是江苏省农业科学院选育的优质弱筋专用小麦品种，具有高产、稳产和广泛的适应性及抗小麦黄花叶病、赤霉病等特点，近年来已成为江苏淮南麦区小麦育种的重要亲本。为了解宁麦9号对新育成小麦品种的遗传贡献，利用170对SSR引物，对宁麦9号及其9个衍生品种进行全基因组扫描分析。共检测到471个等位变异位点，每对引物可检测1~6个，平均2.8个。UPGMA聚类分析表明，扬麦18与宁麦9号遗传距离最小，扬辐麦4与宁麦9号遗传距离最大。遗传相似系数表明，在人工选择的作用下，这些以宁麦9号为亲本育成品种的遗传背景一半以上来自宁麦9号。宁麦9号等位变异在其衍生材料中的分布比例因品种而异，且不同染色体间差异较大，但相同位点的等位变异比例在A、B、D染色体组间相近。全基因组SSR扫描分析发现，10个标记位点在宁麦9号和由其选育的9个新品种具有完全相同的扩增带型，其中9个位点与重要农艺性状相关，或与控制优良性状的基因紧密连锁。将宁麦9号与主要弱筋小麦生产品种宁麦13（宁麦9号系选）进行基因组比较，两者遗传相似系数达0.732，说明宁麦13与宁麦9号遗传背景高度相似，而且两品种在蛋白质含量和抗赤霉病位点相关标记位点高度一致，这一结果可以部分解释宁麦13同样具有的抗赤霉病与优质弱筋的优点。

Genetic Contribution of Wheat VarieyNingmai 9 toItsDerivates

Ningmai 9 is a soft wheat cultivar with high yield, wide adaption, and resistance to multiple diseases including Fusarium head blight, yellow mosaic virus, powdery mildew, and sharp eye spots, which serves as a backbone parent in the southern Huaihe River valley. This study aimed to disclose the genetic contribution of Ningmai 9 to its derivates using SSR markers. A total of 471 alleles were detected on 170 SSR loci, with 1–6 alleles per locus and an average of 2.8. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that Yangmai 18 and Ningmai 9 were clustered together firstly with the smallest genetic disrtance, and Yangfumai 4 and Ningmai 9 were clustered together with the largest genetic distance. Genetic similarity coefficient showed that more than a half of loci transferred from Ningmai 9 to its derived varieties. The percentage of alleles shared between Ningmai 9 and its derived varieties differed greatly among 21 chromosomes, but the average percentage was similar among A, B, and D genomes. Ten markers had the same amplification banding pattern in Ningmai 9 and nine derived varieties, and nine of them were linked to the QTLs or genes associated with important agronomic traits as previous reports. In comparison of genetic background between Ningmai 9 and Ningmai 13 (a direct selection line from Ningmai 9), the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732, suggesting that the genetic back ground of Ningmai 13 is similar to that of Ningmai 9. Genotyping data showed that the markers associated with protein content and resistance to Fusarium head blight in Ningmai 13 were in correspondence with those in Ningmai 9. These results may partially explain the reason for elite agronomic traits of Ningmai 13 similar to Ningmai9m, such as resistance to Fusarium head blight and soft wheat quality.