一株高效溶磷细菌的筛选鉴定及溶磷效果的研究

从石灰性土壤中分离筛选出一株高效溶磷细菌W05,通过形态观察和生理生化以及16sRNA对其进行了鉴定,确定此菌株属于假单胞菌属,将它培养7 d后,磷酸三钙、磷矿粉、磷酸铁和磷酸铝培养液中的磷含量分别为563.5、21.27、149.54、88.06 mg·L-1。将W05与鸡粪混合制成溶磷菌肥,盆栽油菜试验结果表明:溶磷菌肥显著提高土壤有效磷含量、磷酸酶活性、油菜产量与吸磷量;同时施用磷矿粉,各项指标均显著提高,比起单施菌肥处理,磷矿粉施入量为1 g·盆-1时,土壤有效磷含量、磷酸酶活性、油菜鲜重、干重、吸磷量分别增加了46.4%、7.1%、9.6%、9.7%、3.1%;磷矿粉施入量为2 g·盆-1与1 g·盆-1处理相比,上述指标分别增加了14.8%、2.5%、1.4%、22.0%、5.9%;但是,磷矿粉施入量为3 g·盆-1与2 g·盆-1的各项指标差异不显著。可见,将一定浓度磷矿粉与溶磷菌混合使用,可以提高磷矿粉有效性,增加土壤有效磷含量。

The Identification of a Highly Efficient Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteriumand Its Impact on Oilrape

We isolated a phosphorus dissolving bacteria strain names as W05 with strong phosphate-solubilizing activity from calcareous soil. It it belongs to the genus Pseudomonas based on its morphological,physiological and biochemical properties and the analysis of 16 sRNA gene sequence. After cultivating 7 d,the phosphorus content in tricalcium phosphate,phosphate rock powder,ferric phosphate and aluminum phosphate liquid culture was 563. 5、21. 27、149. 54、88. 06 mg·L^-1,respectively. We made soluble phosphorus bacterial manure by mixing W05 with chicken manure,which was used for the following research. The results of potted rapeseed experiment show that： soluble phosphorus bacterial manure could increase soil available phosphorus content,phosphatase activity,rapeseed production and the uptake of phosphorus. Compared with single application of fertilizer,soil available phosphorus content,phosphatase activity,rapeseed fresh weight,dry weight and the uptake of phosphorus increased 46. 4% 、7. 1% 、9. 6% 、9. 7% 、3. 1% with applied phosphate rock 1 g·pot^-1,respectively. These indicators with the treatment of applied phosphate rock 2 g· pot^-1 were 14. 8% 、2. 5% 、1. 4% 、22. 0% 、5. 9% higher than the treatment of applied phosphate rock 1 g·pot^-1,respectively. However,the difference of each indicator was not significant between the treatment of applied phosphate rock 3 g · pot^-1 and 2 g · pot^-1. Thus,application of a certain concentration of phosphate rock with phosphorus bacteria fertilizer into the soil could improve the phosphorus removal efficiency from phosphate rock and increase soil available phosphorus content.