拉枝角度对普通型和短枝型“富士”苹果树体生长生理特性和果实品质的影响

对不同拉枝角度对普通型和短枝型"富士"苹果树体生长特性和果实品质的影响进行对比研究。结果表明:普通型"富士"苹果主枝拉枝角度为110°时,成枝量、成花率、叶片净光合速率、叶片叶绿素含量、果实品质和株产量高于其它处理,而叶片蒸腾速率明显低于其它处理,而且各个指标连续5年均较稳定。但短枝型"富士"苹果主枝拉枝角度为110°时,各指标极不稳定,容易出现大小年,且树势易衰弱;当拉枝角度在90°时,各指标变化趋势与普通型"富士"110°时相当且稳定。说明短枝型"富士"拉枝角度为90°时较适宜,普通型"富士"拉枝角度为110°时较适宜。

Effects of Pulling Branch Angle on Physiological Characteristics and Fruit Quality of the Common and Short Branch'Fuji'Apple Trees

A comparative study on the effects of growth characteristics and fruit quality was caused by different angles treatment to the common and short branch'Fuji'apple trees.The results showed that when the branch angle was 110°,branching quantity,flowering rate,net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content,fruit quality and yield of the common'Fuji'were higher than other treatments, the transpiration rate was significantly lower than other treatments,and each index was relatively stable in 5consecutive years,but the index of short branch'Fuji'was not stable,the tree was easy to breakdown and the annual output fluctuation was relatively large.When the angle of the short branch'Fuji'was 90°,the change trend of each index was the same as that of the common'Fuji'at 110°. Therefore,it was more suitable for the short branch'Fuji'to pull the branch angle at 90°and the common'Fuji'to pull the branch angle at 110°.